基于传统文化的河道景观治理应用研究

探讨传统文化在河道景观治理工程中的应用。首先,分析了国内有关河道景观设计的研究现状,引出了基于传统文化的河道景观治理理念;其次,以泗河---曲阜段的河道景观治理为例,依托其深厚的地域特色文化底蕴,以孔子提倡的儒家文化为纽带,以儒家“中庸”思想作为设计理念和依据,以“儒风”、“书院”、“英杰”、“六经”等史迹、史料为线索,借由抽象的方式表达出儒家“中庸”的思想本质,展现孔子时期传承教化的历史画卷以及先贤的古朴遗风,同时塑造出自然与人文和谐共存的标志性景观图式;结果表明：将传统文化的延续性与都市生活的现代性有机地融合,重现了河流原有的、多姿多彩的自然风情,实现了河流“生态性”和”城市性”的平衡统一,打造了“充满活力和文化的河流”,赋予了河流“生命和灵魂”。     

Research on Potential Fertilization of Coal Gangue in the Weibei Coalfield, China

Based on the systematic analysis of the coal gangue in Weibei Coalfield, such as petrologic characteristics, chemical composition, nutrient elements, deleterious elements, and the transformation, and compared with the soil element content background values of Loess Plateau and national harmful materials controlling standards, we conclude that the coal gangue in the Weibei Coalfield has huge potential to be used as clay fertilizer.     

The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation, transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled "The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River". All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic. Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and aluminium are rich in sediment because of the adsorption and flocculation. This means that the lakes have capability of eliminating the nutrient loadings. Investigations for the lakes from middle and down stream of Yangtze River have suggested that most lakes have the self-cleaning capability. Dredging the control of the internal loading, therefore, is only applicable to the small lakes or undisturbed bays which normally are situated nearby the city or town and rich in organic materials in the sediment. In addition, the strong reduction condition and weak aeration of these lakes and bays make these small lakes and bays release much more bio-available nutrient and without much self-eliminating capability. Moreover, eutrophication induced algal bloom in these lakes will change the pH of water, which further induces the increase in the nutrient release. In turn, the increase in nutrient release promotes the growth of phytoplankton and results in severe algal bloom. For the heavily polluted water, research suggests that the biomass of bacteria and alkaline phosphatase activity will be higher corresponding to the higher concentration of nutrients, which accelerates the nutrient recycling between water, sediment and biota. Quick recycling of nutrient, in turn, promotes the production and biomass growth of microorganism and leads to more severe eutrophication. Further research work should focus on the nutrient transformation mechanism and the effects of microbial loop on the eutrophication.     

西藏拉果错卤虫：2营养成分

卤虫包括成体,无节幼体和卤虫卵,蛋白质,氨基酸,脂肪酶等营养成分的含量是评价卤虫质量的主要标准,因为摄食动物饵粒效果取决于氨基酸,脂肪酸的组成与含量,西藏拉果错卤虫的营养成分含量较高,１９９６、１９９７年盐湖研究中心连续取样测定,其蛋白质含量成本接近２０％,无节幼体约５５％,脱壳卵近５０％;粗脂肪成体３％,无节幼 和脱壳超过８７％,三种高级不饱和脂肪酸（２０：３,２０：４,２０：５）ＨＵＦＡ含量。     

大水式金矿床稳定同位素、稀土元素地球化学研究

大水式金太床是近年来在西秦岭地区发现的一个国内外十分罕见的金矿类型,具有极为独特的矿化特征。通过对矿区热液方解石、硅质岩矿石、硅化灰岩及原岩、岩浆岩等地质体碳－氧、硅－氧、碳－氢－氧同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征的系统研究揭示,成矿物质中碳为氧化作用改造的深成岩浆碳,硅具深部岩浆或岩浆热水来源的特点,成矿流体具岩浆水与建造水混合之特点,各种矿石稀土配分曲线和δＥｕ、δＣｅ值均与岩浆岩类似或接近而与地     

西藏蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿中简单氧化物矿物组合及其超高压成因

最近在西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿中,发现包括金刚石、柯石英和某些简单氧化物,诸如SiO2、MgO、Fe2O3、Cr2O3、Al2O3以及(Si,Ti)O2等组成的矿物群。这些矿物是非常复杂的由70~80种矿物组成的地幔矿物群的一部分。这充分证实在地幔中存在简单氧化物。高压-高温相平衡实验表明,硅酸盐矿物在下地幔条件才可分解成FeO、MgO和SiO2等简单氧化物(>670km)。因此有理由认为罗布莎简单氧化物可能来自下地幔深部。     

Effects of soil nitrogen:phosphorus ratio on growth rate of Artemisia ordosica seedlings

To address how the ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus (N:P ratios) in soil affect plant growth, we performed a two-factor (soil available N:P ratios and plant density) randomized block pot experiment to examine the relationships between soil N:P ratios, and the N:P ratios and growth rate of Artemisia ordosica seedlings. Under moderate water stress and adequate nutrient status, both soil N:P and plant density influenced the N:P ratios and growth rates of A. ordosica. With the increase of soil N:P ratios, the growth rates of A. ordosica seedlings decreased significantly. With the increase of soil N:P ratios, N:P ratios in A. ordosica seedlings increased significantly. While the nitrogen concentrations in the plant increased slightly, the phosphorus concentrations significantly decreased. With the increase of plant density, the shoot N:P ratios and growth rates significantly decreased, which resulted from soil N:P ratios. Thus, soil N:P ratios influenced the N:P ratios in A. ordosica seedlings, and hence, influenced its growth. Our results suggest that, under adequate nutrient environment, soil N:P ratios can be a limiting factor for plant growth.     

A statistical approach for determining the environment impact of surface sediments from the Dongting Lake area,central China

The Dongting Lake, the second biggest freshwater lake in China, consists of three wetlands of national importance, namely the East Dongting Lake, the South Dongting Lake, and the West Dongting Lake. Surface sedi-ments were sampled from 57 locations across the lake. Nutrient concentrations [total organic carbon (TOC), total N (TN) and total P (TP)] and 16 element concentrations (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Ti and Zn) in the sediments were measured to investigate the impact of industrialization along the lake's coastline and sev-eral tributaries on the profiles of nutrients and heavy metals in the lake's surface sediments. R-mode cluster analysis (CA) was used to integrate geochemical data. The result showed that euthophication of the Dongting Lake resulted mainly from TN and TOC. The main polluting trace metals are Hg, As, Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn, which are largely ad-sorbed on clay minerals or Fe/Mn oxides, or deposited as carbonates. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the source of micropollutants. The worst affected district by heavy metals is the East Dongting Lake, the pollution sources may originate mainly from the Xiangjiang drainage area. The results demonstrated that multivariate methods are the potentially great tools for the interpretation of the environmental data on lake sediments.     

西藏不同退化高寒草地土壤酶的活性

对退化高寒草原土壤酶活性研究的结果表明:1)相对于正常草地,轻度退化草地土壤纤维素酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均呈不同程度的提高;中度退化草地土壤纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶活性亦呈同一趋势,仅土壤脲酶活性显著降低;严重退化草地中3种土壤酶活性则均呈显著降低。2)不同土壤酶活性对土壤环境变化的敏感性总体呈碱性磷酸酶活性>脲酶活性>纤维素酶活性;土壤酶活性大小则均呈脲酶活性>碱性磷酸酶活性>纤维素酶活性。3)不同土壤酶活性与土壤有机碳均呈极显著正相关(r值为0.728 8~0.980 8,p≤0.01),与土壤全氮、有效氮、有效钾亦呈不同程度的正相关,与土壤有效磷含量则均呈显著或极显著负相关;土壤pH对土壤脲酶活性具有显著影响,对纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶活性的影响则不甚明显。4)西藏高原高寒、干旱条件下,中度,特别是轻度退化草地一定程度的沙化所导致的土壤通透性能的显著改善对提高土壤酶活性,进而促进土壤有机残体的分解和有机质的形成具有重要作用。5)土壤酶活性不仅可以反映不同程度退化高寒草原土壤肥力水平的差异,同时亦可作为评价草地土壤肥力的一个基本指标。     

三江平原泥炭沼泽沉积物中营养物质的分布规律

采用冬季采样，现场分层的方法，系统地研究了三江平原沼泽中河床一河漫滩型泥炭地和谷底洼地型泥炭沉积中总氮、总磷和有机质等营养物质的分布特征。结果表明，在不同沉积层中，总磷明显在草根层富集，总氮和有机质在泥炭上层含量最高，其他营养物质含量随着深度的增加而逐渐降低。河床一河漫滩型和谷底洼地型泥炭沉积物中总氮和总磷含量随着泥炭粒级的减小而明显增加。河流型泥炭沉积物不同机械组分中总氮的变化幅度远远大于谷底洼地型，两种类型泥炭地不同机械组分中总磷含量的变化差异幅度不大。有机质含量随着泥炭粒级的减小而明显减少。河床一河漫滩型泥炭地和谷底洼地型泥炭地中总氮含量与有机质含量呈显著的正相关，相关系数分别为0.953和0.944，泥炭中的氮主要以有机氮形态存在，而总磷含量与有机质含量的关系不显著。