Tide simulation using the mild-slope equation with Coriolis force and bottom friction

Since the mild-slope equation was derived by Berkhoff (1972),the researchers considered various mechanism to simplify and improve the equation,which has been widely used for coastal wave field calculation.Recently,some scholars applied the mild-slope equation in simulating the tidal motion,which proves that the equation is capable to calculate the tide in actual terrain.But in their studies,they made a lot of simplifications,and did not consider the effects of Coriolis force and bottom friction on tidal wave.In this paper,the first-order linear mild-slope equations are deduced from Kirby mild-slope equation including wave and current interaction.Then,referring to the method of wave equations’ modification,the Coriolis force and bottom friction term are considered,and the effects of which have been performed with the radial sand ridges topography.Finally,the results show that the modified mild-slope equation can be used to simulate tidal motion,and the calculations agree well with the measurements,thus the applicability and validity of the mild-slope equation on tidal simulation are further proved.     

生态经济研究中的整体性视角

在简要介绍整体性视角含义的基础上,总结了生态经济学基本思想、主要问题、学科演替、新兴领域及未来研究主题中体现的整体性视角.分析了传统的水资源社会经济循环规律研究的劣势,在简单介绍了上升性（效率）、发展能力、恢复力和可持续性等指标及其含义后,开发了整体性视角下的水资源社会经济循环规律研究框架.最后系统地总结了整体性视角在...     

渗流对土体抗剪强度的影响

土体的抗剪强度是土体的主要强度指标之一。当土体中存在渗流时，由于水流的力学、物理、化学等作用，会使土体的抗剪强度发生变化(主要趋势是使抗剪强度降低)。定量分析了各种情况下渗流作用对土体抗剪强度指标φ,c、有效应力及切向力的影响，得到了渗流作用下土体抗剪强度的定量表达式，并给出了应用算例以说明渗流对土体抗剪强度的明显影响。     

浅谈膨胀土路基中对膨胀问题的处理

本文论述了膨胀土的物理及力学性质,并进行了相应的土工试验,得出了膨胀土产生胀缩的主要内部因素及外部条件,并从改善膨胀土本身物理力学性质的地基处理方案到施工处理方案两方面着手,解决膨胀土路基胀缩对公路产生的危害。实践证明,这些措施的应用是比较成功的。     

超长混凝土框架梁弹性内力行波效应研究

鉴于超长混凝土框架结构行波效应规律尚缺乏系统研究,借助建筑结构通用有限元软件MI-DAS/GEN,采用一致与非一致两种激励方式对165～1100m/s地震波速作用下长度为33～264m的3层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行弹性时程分析。通过对比一致与非一致激励下的梁弯矩、剪力和轴力,详细讨论了其随波速、长度以及不同部位的变化规律。研究表明:波速越慢,模型越长,行波效应越明显。框架梁弯矩的增大作用主要集中在264m模型第1层两端,减小作用表现在各模型第1层中部和第2、3层的梁上;剪力与弯矩有相似的变化规律;梁中存在拉力与压力,中部各梁的拉力和压力较两端的梁要大。     

加速度地震记录服从三维高斯分布的证明与应用

利用加速度记录分析P波质点的受力状态、P波质点随机震动的概率分布及其偏振现象,结果显示,P波质点随机震动的受力矢量服从三维高斯分布,其概率密度呈椭球状分布,可通过加速度记录的协方差矩阵求出偏振椭球的几何参数,从而求出震中方位角.     

Spatial scale effects of water erosion dynamics: Complexities, variabilities, and uncertainties

Severe water erosion is notorious for its harmful effects on land-water resources as well as local societies. The scale effects of water erosion, however, greatly exacerbate the difficulties of accurate erosion evaluation and hazard control in the real world. Analyzing the related scale issues is thus urgent for a better understanding of erosion variations as well as reducing such erosion. In this review article, water erosion dynamics across three spatial scales including plot, watershed, and regional scales were selected and discussed. For the study purposes and objectives, the advantages and disadvantages of these scales all demonstrate clear spatial-scale dependence. Plot scale studies are primarily focused on abundant data collection and mechanism discrimination of erosion generation, while watershed scale studies provide valuable information for watershed management and hazard control as well as the development of quantitatively distributed models. Regional studies concentrate more on large-scale erosion assessment, and serve policymakers and stakeholders in achieving the basis for regulatory policy for comprehensive land uses. The results of this study show that the driving forces and mechanisms of water erosion variations among the scales are quite different. As a result, several major aspects contributing to variations in water erosion across the scales are stressed: differences in the methodologies across various scales, different sink-source roles on water erosion processes, and diverse climatic zones and morphological regions. This variability becomes more complex in the context of accelerated global change. The changing climatic factors and earth surface features are considered the fourth key reason responsible for the increased variability of water erosion across spatial scales.     

珠江口西岸土地利用景观格局变化及驱动力分析

通过目视解译获取了珠海市沿海区域1995、2000和2003年的土地利用数据。利用ArcGIS软件获取了各种土地利用类型的面积变化数据,以及由模型运算得到不同时期研究区的土地利用分维度、分离度、破碎度、多样性等景观指数,对不同时期的土地利用面积变化,以及各景观指数的变化机理进行了分析。结果表明,珠江口西岸的土地利用变化主要表现为耕地面积不断减少,尤其2000年以后减少的更为剧烈;而林地、建设用地、水域的面积相应的有不同程度的增长。土地利用格局的变化,致使景观指数的变化,诸如,2003年的分离度、分维度等都高于前两个时期,而土地利用多样性指数也逐年增长。造成这些变化的主要驱动力有人口的增长,对土地经济效益的追求,政府政策的影响以及海岸带的区位优势等。     

挡板透空码头水平波浪力计算方法的探讨

目前,对透空式高桩梁板码头的桩基和墩柱波浪力的计算,现行《海港水文规范》中有相应的公式,但对一侧增设挡浪板及上部结构构件的透空式高桩梁板码头水平波浪力的计算,规范并没有明确规定相应的计算公式。从挡板透空码头设计中水平波浪力的计算分析入手,说明挡板波浪力采用不同计算方法的差异性,并针对某设计工程进行了实例分析,通过相关文献、现行规范及物理模型试验等三种不同方法所得计算结果的比较,探讨一种适合挡板透空码头的水平波浪力的计算方法,供工程设计时参考。     

锚索预应力初期与长期损失的预测模型研究

采用预应力锚索加固边坡是一种切实有效的方法。考虑锚索预应力变化与坡体蠕变之间的耦合效应,建立两种耦合模型并推导模型的本构方程和有效预应力的变化公式。基于实际锚固工程的预应力监测数据,采用反分析方法得到坡体的蠕变参数,划分预测阶段后采用相应的理论模型,通过理论计算值与实际监测值的对比分析,验证了分段预测模型的合理性和准确性。研究表明:在预应力预测的全周期采用单一的耦合模型,随着时间发展产生的偏差也随之增大;弹性模型与广义Kelvin模型并联(H-K模型)预应力曲线下降较快,适用于预测锚索锚固初期的预应力损失;弹性体上并联广义Kelvin(H-2K模型)能更好地拟合锚索预应力的长期变化。合理的分阶预测能够准确地评价锚索预应力的损失变化,为及时采取措施以保证边坡的稳定与安全提供科学依据。