巧打老“王牌”,独辟新天地

论述了中小型地勘企业独辟新天地需要的四张“王牌”,即“建立健全信息网络,注重质量、恪守信誉,向管理要效益,大胆推广新技术、新工艺”。     

Controls on old and new water contributions to stream flow at some nested catchments in Vermont,USA

Factors controlling the partitioning of old and new water contributions to stream flow were investigated for three events in four catchments (three of which were nested) at Sleepers River Research Watershed in Danville, Vermont. In the 1993 snowmelt period, two‐component isotopic hydrograph separations showed that new water (meltwater) inputs to the stream ranged widely from 41 to 74%, and increased with catchment size (41 to 11 125 ha) (with one exception) and with open land cover (0–73%). Peak dissolved organic carbon concentrations and relative alkalinity dilution in stream water ranked in the same order among catchments as the new water fractions, suggesting that new water followed shallow flow paths. During the 1994 snowmelt, despite similar timing and magnitude of melt inputs, the new‐water contribution to stream flow ranged only from 30 to 36% in the four catchments. We conclude that the uncommonly high and variable new water fractions in streamwater during the 1993 melt were caused by direct runoff of meltwater over frozen ground, which was prevalent in open land areas during the 1993 winter. In a high‐intensity summer rainstorm in 1993, new water fractions were smaller relative to the 1993 snowmelt, ranging from 28 to 46%, but they ranked in the identical catchment order. Reconciliation of the contrasting patterns of new–old water partitioning in the three events appears to require an explanation that invokes multiple processes and effects, including:

• 1. topographically controlled increase in surface‐saturated area with increasing catchment size;
• 2. direct runoff over frozen ground;
• 3. low infiltration in agriculturally compacted soils;
• 4. differences in soil transmissivity, which may be more relevant under dry antecedent conditions.

These data highlight some of the difficulties faced by catchment hydrologists in formulating a theory of runoff generation at varying basin scales. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

New production in the South China Sea

Measurement of²²⁸Ra activities in the upper 300 m water column was conducted at two stations in the South China Sea using an MnO₂-fiber extraction/β-counting technique of²²⁸Ac. Results showed that²²⁸Ra activities ranged from 0.38 to 3.60 Bq · m^-3. The vertical profiles of²²⁸Ra at the time-series station favored a steady state assumption. Based on a one-dimensional steady state model,²²⁸Ra-nitrate coupled approach was applied to stations NS97-43, NS99-53 (T₁), NS99-53 (T₂). New production thus quantified were 4.4, 5.1 and 5.7 mmolC · m^-2 · d^-1, respectively,f ratios in the South China Sea were estimated from the derived new production and the documented primary productivity in the regime, to be 0.12–0.15.     

构建复合型人才培养的测绘工程实践教学新体系

基于培养复合型测绘人才的需要，本文较系统地提出了应从实践教学课程体系及实验内容、实验教学方法、实验教学质量管理、实验环境和条件等几个方面进行改革、整合，从而构建测绘工程实践教学新体系。     

西藏中南部雄马—措麦以南地区早、中二叠世地层及其意义

在西藏中南部雄马—措麦以南地区前人所定的属于中—晚侏罗世达雄群中采获了古生物化石，地层时代重新厘定为早—中二叠世。早二叠世早期拉嘎组中赋含重力滑塌块体和冰川漂砾，早二叠世晚期昂杰组碎屑岩中夹大量火山岩，中二叠世下拉组含大量火山岩碎屑等，与冈底斯—腾冲地层区广泛出露的早—中二叠世地层比较，岩性组合特征、沉积类型、沉积相、生物富集程度和属种组分及所处地质背景等诸方面均存在显著差异。该套地层的确定，对研究西藏早、中二叠世地层沉积相，重塑古地理环境，以及研究青藏高原和邻区特提斯构造发展阶段的地层演化、盆地构造背景等都有重要意义。     

新型工业化道路与科学技术

走新型工业化道路，是我国全面建设小康社会的必然选择。文章论述了新型工业化道路的基本内涵和特征。指出走新型工业化道路要立足国情，面向世界，充分发挥后发优势，特别注重发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的作用。     

巴东新县城区滑坡防治设计思考

在完成巴东新县城区有关滑坡整治设计的基础上，结合其发育特征，对一些普遍规律进行了总结；对目前采用的设计方法中存在的问题和设计中应注意的事项提出了一些看法；讨论了新县城区滑坡抗滑桩设计中的要点，如设计安全系数、桩的布置、推力分布形式、锚固段长度、桩长与桩内力的关系等。强调应在充分勘察和优化方案的基础上，依据当地库区的技术经济条件进行防治工程信息化设计。     

New production in the South China Sea——A coupled 228Ra-nitrate

Measurement of 228Ra activities in the upper 300 m water column was conducted at two stations in the South China Sea using an MnO2-fiber extraction/b-counting technique of 228Ac. Results showed that 228Ra activities ranged from 0.38 to 3.60 Bq·m-3. The vertical profiles of 228Ra at the time-series station favored a steady state assumption. Based on a one-dimensional steady state model, 228Ra-nitrate coupled approach was applied to stations NS97-43, NS99-53 (T1), NS99-53 (T2). New production thus quantified were 4.4, 5.1 and 5.7 mmolC·m-2·d-1, respectively. f ratios in the South China Sea were estimated from the derived new production and the documented primary productivity in the regime, to be 0.12-0.15.     

创新性测绘人才培养模式的探讨

本文对创新性测绘人才的基本素质、培养模式进行了探讨。