基于GIS的山区年均温分布模拟与制图

针对某些下垫面复杂而气象站(哨)有限的山区,用地理信息系统(GIS)和气温推算数学模型相结合,来获取全域的年均温分布栅格图和等值线矢量图。以龙游县为例,说明了该方法从数学模型、因素图输入、图层格式转换、图幅叠置分析等一系列技术步骤。     

航空物探平剖图自动绘制的可视化处理

简要介绍了航空物探平面剖面图的自动绘制方法,给出了绘制中对一些问题的处理方法;重点介绍了彩色渐变填充着色、彩色渐变渲染着色等几种可视化处理方法,并提出了着色中渐变度、透明度概念及应用方法。     

Application of Remote Sensing in Flood Management with Special Reference to Monsoon Asia: A Review

The conventional means to record hydrological parameters of aflood often fail to record an extreme event. Remote sensingtechnology along with geographic information system (GIS)has become the key tool for flood monitoring in recent years.Development in this field has evolved from optical to radarremote sensing, which has provided all weather capabilitycompared to the optical sensors for the purpose of flood mapping.The central focus in this field revolves around delineation of floodzones and preparation of flood hazard maps for the vulnerable areas.In this exercise flood depth is considered crucial for flood hazardmapping and a digital elevation model (DEM) is considered to bethe most effective means to estimate flood depth from remotelysensed or hydrological data. In a flat terrain accuracy of floodestimation depends primarily on the resolution of the DEM. Riverflooding in the developing countries of monsoon Asia is very acutebecause of their heavy dependence on agriculture but any floodestimation or hazard mapping attempt in this region is handicappedby poor availability of high resolution DEMs. This paper presents areview of application of remote sensing and GIS in flood managementwith particular focus on the developing countries of Asia.     

An attenuation relationship based on Turkish strong motion data and iso-acceleration map of Turkey

This paper presents an attenuation relationship of peak ground acceleration (PGA) derived from Turkish strong motion data for rock, soil and soft soil sites and an iso-acceleration map of Turkey based on this relationship. For the purpose, among all the three-component accessible records, 221 records from 122 earthquakes that occurred in Turkey between 1976 and November 2003 were selected. The database was compiled for earthquakes with moment magnitudes (M_w) and PGA values ranging between 4.1 and 7.5, and 20 and 806 gal, and distances to epicenter considered in the database were between 5 and 100 km. From the regression analysis of the data, an attenuation equation of PGA considering rock, soil and soft soil conditions was developed. The PGA values predicted from the equation suggested in this study and those both from a few domestic equations and some imported equations were compared. In addition, an iso-acceleration map of Turkey was constructed using the suggested attenuation equation and considering both known active faults and epicenter locations of the earthquakes that have occurred in Turkey.     

Estimation of regional material yield from coastal landslides based on historical digital terrain modelling

High‐resolution historical (1942) and recent (1994) digital terrain models were derived from aerial photographs along the Big Sur coastline in central California to measure the long‐term volume of material that enters the nearshore environment. During the 52‐year measurement time period, an average of 21 000 ± 3100 m³ km^?1 a^?1 of material was eroded from nine study sections distributed along the coast, with a low yield of 1000 ± 240 m³ km^?1 a^?1 and a high of 46 700 ± 7300 m³ km^?1 a^?1. The results compare well with known volumes from several deep‐seated landslides in the area and suggest that the processes by which material is delivered to the coast are episodic in nature. In addition, a number of parameters are investigated to determine what influences the substantial variation in yield along the coast. It is found that the magnitude of regional coastal landslide sediment yield is primarily related to the physical strength of the slope‐forming material. Coastal Highway 1 runs along the lower portion of the slope along this stretch of coastline, and winter storms frequently damage the highway. The California Department of Transportation is responsible for maintaining this scenic highway while minimizing the impacts to the coastal ecosystems that are part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. This study provides environmental managers with critical background data on the volumes of material that historically enter the nearshore from landslides, as well as demonstrating the application of deriving historical digital terrain data to model landscape evolution. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

数字社区数据标准研究

当前数字社区建设缺乏统一的智能化综合管理平台以及相应的各项数据标准，使得数字社区难以真正实现统一的数字化管理。该文参考国内外相应数据标准，研究数字社区的标准体系结构。针对现有标准体系缺乏相关数据标准的现状，提出数字社区系列数据标准，包括数据接口层标准、数据分类编码标准、数据模型、数据字典和元数据标准。阐述系列标准中各标准间的相互关系以及各标准所包含的具体内容。     

《南岭成矿带成矿规律图》研编创新点及其找矿意义

由中国地质科学院矿产资源所编制出版的《南岭成矿带成矿规律图（1∶80万）》,是迄今为止矿种最全、资料最新、信息量最大的全面反映我国南岭勘查成果与成矿规律的区带级别（Ⅲ级成矿单元）成矿规律图。该图件研编实现了4大创新点：① 涵盖了南岭已发现的2903处独立矿产地,包括能源、金属、非金属和水气矿产等4大类的76个矿种,实现了南岭成矿带矿种与矿产地的全覆盖;② 归并了地质底图的地层并淡化显示,突出华南岩体、隐伏岩体的特色,使得不同构造—建造层地质单元的分布格局一目了然;③ 实现了矿产地、规模、类型、时代、成矿系列五位一体的综合图例设计,矿产地表达更简洁、直观;④ 综合成矿系列图、表、成矿体系图、剖面图等,以区域规律图编制的新思路和新方法,更集中反映和彰显南岭成矿带最新科研成果。该图件的研编有助于直观展示南岭成矿带矿产的时空分布格局,深入总结成矿规律,科学圈定重要找矿远景区,对于全面指导南岭的地质找矿工作具有重要的意义。     

数字技术力量下的乡村重构

随着数字技术逐渐深入到乡村生产生活的各个方面,乡村社会关系及空间意义发生重构。信息化冲击下的乡村空间转变不仅体现在物质方面,其社会文化空间意义及人地关系地域系统的重构在内生逻辑上重塑乡村话语权力和主体身份。论文通过探讨数字技术与乡村发展的多维关系及其对乡村产生的多重效应,关注数字技术带来的自由与异化、数字经济引发的话语与权力流变及乡村女性主体地位和身份的重构,解释了数字技术作为非人类行动者的主体性及其建构下的乡村日常经济生活和社会关系,拟为乡村性的分析框架提供有益的补充,为数字乡村建设和乡村振兴提供新的理论借鉴。     

利用LiDAR技术生产真3维电子地形图的研究

2006年3月,南京市测绘勘察研究院有限公司利用Optech公司的ALTM3100在南京市成功获取到10 km2的LiDAR数据。在此数据基础上,笔者对如何利用LiDAR技术与数据进行真3维电子地图制作进行了较为深入的研究,对其关键步骤在文中进行了阐述。最后,提出自己在城市3维建模技术方面的观点。     

广西第三代1∶50万数字地质图特点及其意义

文章扼要介绍了广西第三代 1∶5 0万数字地质图的主要内容、特点及编图新理论和新技术 ,并指出该项成果所具有的科学意义和实用价值。