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921.
针对目前地震灾情信息普遍存在的质量问题,根据灾情数据的属性逻辑,采用逻辑分离的清洗框架中基于规则引擎的数据清洗方法进行初步清洗;再从灾情数据的空间逻辑关系出发,通过聚类分析进一步修正数据中存在的错误,弥补基于逻辑分离的清洗框架在孤立点异常检测方面的不足。基于上述规则引擎与空间聚类相结合的清洗技术,设计并实现了一种考虑属性和空间逻辑的地震灾情数据清洗器,并应用于2017年"8·8"九寨沟7.0级地震,分析四川省地震灾情快速上报接收处理系统接收到的客观震感灾情信息。结果表明:地震灾情数据清洗器可快速检测并修正异常的灾情信息,有效提高接收到的灾情数据质量。 相似文献
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The Stockton Coal Mine, located on the West Coast of New Zealand, is evaluating the use of a mussel shell bioreactor (MSB) to treat acidic metalliferous runoff from acid forming overburden. This novel approach is similar in concept to vertical flow wetlands (VFWs) and successive alkalinity producing systems (SAPS). The MSB system is a trapezoidal pit 2 m deep, 35 m long, 3–10 m wide with 60° angle sides. During operation it contained 160 tonnes (240 m3) of mussel shell material and was saturated with a 100–200 mm water cap. Influent flowed through the reactor at a mean rate of 0.3 L s−1 resulting in a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of ≈6 days. The prototype MSB was in operation for a total of 1027 days, from June 2009 through March 2012, and effectively sequestered 99.7% of Al, 99.3% of Fe, 98.8% of Ni, 98.4% Tl and 99.3% of Zn, as determined from a previous evaluation of MSB performance. The MSB also effectively neutralized acidity, which resulted in an increase in influent pH from 2.8 to 6.9 in the effluent. Based on an examination of several excavated pits, five distinct reaction zones developed within the MSB. The reaction zones consisted of an allochthonous sediment layer (0–330 mm), an oxidized iron-rich ocherous layer (at 330–350 mm depth), an aluminum layer (at 350–600 mm depth) with geochemical variations throughout (350–500 mm and 500–600 mm); and a chemically reduced bottom shell layer (at 600–1100 mm). Representative samples were collected from each layer and analyzed using a combination of geochemical and physical methods to assess the stability of the secondary minerals and trace metal deportment within the MSB. Major elements Fe, Al, Ni, Tl, and Zn where preferentially associated with particular layers within the MSB. Elevated concentrations of Fe (110,000 mg kg−1) were observed in the allochthonous sediment and ocherous precipitate layers, while Al (27,816 mg kg−1), Ni (55 mg kg−1), and Zn (655 mg kg−1) were elevated within the aluminum and lower reduced depths within the MSB. Trace Tl (21 mg kg−1) showed varying concentrations throughout the MSB, but was strongly correlated to lower layers of the system. Microbial biofilms were observed within the reduced portions of the shell layers often proximal to bacterial shaped sulfides. The geochemical assessment of the MSB presented in this study is the first of its kind for a MSB, and supports the argument that this system is another viable option for passive treatment of AMD. 相似文献
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926.
苏锡常地区地裂缝地质灾害形成机理分析 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
从苏锡常地区特定的地质环境背景条件出发,系统分析了地裂缝地质灾害的形成机理,即基岩起伏形态差异、第四纪沉积结构差异和水文地质条件差异是引发地裂缝灾害的内在条件,长期过量开采地下水是诱发地裂缝灾害的外在因素.通过对地裂缝灾害成因类型的系统划分,为今后进一步进行地裂缝灾害分区评价、防治规划等工作提供了先导性意见和理论基础,具有积极的现实意义. 相似文献
927.
区域生态功能建设规划的原理与模拟探析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在剖析区域演化历程中的生态功能变迁与导引的生态环境滞胀及危害基础上,着重利用系统生态学的原理和方法,探讨了可持续发展要求下的区域生态功能建设规划的目标、原理和研究的内容、方法及过程;提出了以产业结构、土地利用结构和空间格局调整为核心,制定区域生态功能建设规划的总体思路;创造性地将水土流失、污染物排放、社会经济发展、劳动力吸纳、人口容载和土地资源合理配置及城镇发展等模型融于一体,构建了案例区十堰市的生态环境功能综合调控模型,并借助DYNAMO语言,模拟得到了十堰市未来生态功能建设的优化方案。 相似文献
928.
长江流域出现致洪大暴雨与青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的东移密切相关。为了寻找MCSs移动和传播的规律,我们将MCSs的移动路径与其中心附近一定范围内的环境物理量场之间建立联系,构造出MCSs东移空间数据挖掘数据库。在这个数据库中,包含由9个环境物理量生成的18个属性项,除此,还包括由MCSs本身的空间特征量构成的5个属性项,即TBB强度、面积、地理位置、形状等,共计23个属性项。利用1998年6月至8月日本地球静止气象卫星(GMS)的青藏高原逐时红外遥感云图计算出的云顶黑体辐射温度(TBB)及青藏高原高分辨率有限区域数值分析预报值系统(HLAFS)环境场物理量数据,构造出上述空间数据挖掘数据库,运用空间相关分析技术对其进行约简,结果表明:在高度(H)、温度(T)、涡度(VOR)、散度(DIV)、水汽通量散度(IFVQ)、垂直速度(W)、假相当位温(θse)、K指数(K)、相对湿度(RH)等9个因素中,高度、涡度、散度、水汽通量散度、垂直速度及k指数6个因素相对独立;而温度(T)、假相当位温(θse)、相对湿度(RH)之间相关性较强,而且与高度等其它6个因素密切相关。根据数据库约简原则,可将温度(T)、假相当位温(θse)、相对湿度(RH)3个因素生成的6个属性项从数据库中删除,以便提高数据挖掘效率。 相似文献
929.
Sebastian Wolf 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,313(1-3):109-112
Theoretical investigations show that planet-disk interactions cause structures in circumstellar disks, which are usually much
larger in size than the planet itself and thus more easily detectable. The specific result of planet-disk interactions depends
on the evolutionary stage of the disk. Exemplary signatures of planets embedded in disks are gaps and spiral density waves
in the case of young, gas-rich protoplanetary disks and characteristic asymmetric density patterns in debris disks. Numerical
simulations convincingly demonstrate that high-resolution imaging performed with observational facilities which are already
available or will become available in the near future will allow to trace these “fingerprints” of planets in protoplanetary
and debris disks. These observations will provide a deep insight into specific phases of the formation and early evolution
of planets in circumstellar disks.
In this context, the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) will play a crucial role by allowing to trace features in disks
which are indicative for various stages of the formation and early evolution of planets in circumstellar disks. 相似文献
930.
Sean N. Raymond †‡ Rory Barnes Avi M. Mandell †‡ 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,384(2):663-674
To date, two planetary systems have been discovered with close-in, terrestrial-mass planets . Many more such discoveries are anticipated in the coming years with radial velocity and transit searches. Here we investigate the different mechanisms that could form 'hot Earths' and their observable predictions. Models include: (1) in situ accretion; (2) formation at larger orbital distance followed by inward 'type 1' migration; (3) formation from material being 'shepherded' inward by a migrating gas giant planet; (4) formation from material being shepherded by moving secular resonances during dispersal of the protoplanetary disc; (5) tidal circularization of eccentric terrestrial planets with close-in perihelion distances and (6) photoevaporative mass-loss of a close-in giant planet. Models 1–4 have been validated in previous work. We show that tidal circularization can form hot Earths, but only for relatively massive planets with very close-in perihelion distances (≲0.025 au), and even then the net inward movement in orbital distance is at most only 0.1–0.15 au. For planets of less than , photoevaporation can remove the planet's envelope and leave behind the solid core on a Gyr time-scale, but only for planets inside 0.025–0.05 au. Using two quantities that are observable by current and upcoming missions, we show that these models each produce unique signatures, and can be observationally distinguished. These observables are the planetary system architecture (detectable with radial velocities, transits and transit timing) and the bulk composition of transiting close-in terrestrial planets (measured by transits via the planet's radius). 相似文献