Measurements of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and carbon disulfide in the western Atlantic boundary layer

Shipboard measurements of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide were made during two transects along the east coast of the United States and at several stations in the Gulf of Maine. Limited measurements of carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide are also reported. The mean DMS mixing ratio was 29 pptv (=25, n=84, median 19 pptv) during the Atlantic transects, and 101 pptv (=67, n=77, median 79 pptv) in the Gulf of Maine. Distinct diurnal variations were found in the DMS data from the transects. The meteorology of the study area appears to control day-to-day differences in the magnitude of these diurnal variations, although rapid daytime oxidation is suggested in some cases. Diurnal variations were also evident in near-shore stations in the Gulf of Maine due to nocturnal boundary-layer inversion. Diurnal variation was not evident at other sites in the Gulf due to large scale changes in the atmospheric circulation pattern, which effectively masked any effects due to oxidation processes. Model simulations confirm that the DMS levels and diurnal variation found during the transects are not consistent with atmospheric oxidation processes alone. Atmospheric CS₂ and H₂S mixing ratios were less than 3 pptv during the transects, except for a single period of higher CS₂ mixing ratios (reaching 11 pptv) during advection of continental air. Calculations of the flux of oceanic sulfur to the eastern United States show that the contribution of natural sulfur to the North American sulfur budget is small compared to anthropogenic sources.     

安徽省东至县查册桥金矿地质特征及硫铅同位素示踪

东至县查册桥金矿位于扬子陆块北缘,矿床规模达中型。为了解成矿物质来源,对查册桥金矿矿石进行了硫、铅同位素分析。结果显示:δ(34S)变化范围为1.8×10~(-3)～18.1×10~(-3),平均值为11.09×10~(-3),较集中分布在10×10~(-3)～15×10~(-3)之间,分布宽泛;矿石硫化物矿物206 Pb/204 Pb值介于17.954～19.748之间,207 Pb/204 Pb值介于15.608～15.786之间,208 Pb/204 Pb值介于38.107～39.411之间,它们的μ值9.43～9.77;ω值32.63～38.83;w(Th)/w(U)值介于3.31～3.93,Δβ值18.45～30.06;Δγ值22.96～57.97。硫、铅同位素特征表明查册桥金矿床成矿物质主要来源于上地壳,其形成与陆内造山作用和岩浆作用密切相关。     

新疆阿舍勒火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿硫、铅同位素地球化学

通过对矿石矿物与容矿围岩Ｓ、Ｐｂ同位素地球化学的研究，证实阿舍勒铜矿区Ⅰ号矿床与Ⅱ号矿床在成因上具有显著差异，即Ⅰ号矿床成矿金属与细碧岩同源，硫则来自于火山喷气；Ⅱ号矿床成矿金属可能来自石英角斑质凝灰岩的海水淋滤，硫可能是多源的。这一认识为开拓找矿思路提供了新的依据。铅同位素资料还反映基－酸性火山岩来自两个源区。     

人工重砂在蚀变岩金矿勘查中的应用——以宁夏树龙沟金矿为例

蚀变岩型金矿床中金常以"大颗粒金"形式存在,但针对其在蚀变矿化带中分布规律的研究相对缺乏。而且,采样及分析化验方法选择不当会导致测试结果与真实情况存在较大偏差,影响客观准确地评价找矿潜力。本文对宁夏树龙沟金矿床开展人工重砂研究,以期确定金的赋存状态、研究自然金的分布规律,以此指导区内相关勘查工作的具体部署。树龙沟金矿床为蚀变岩型金矿,受区内NE向断裂构造控制,从蚀变中心向两侧分别发育石英黄铁矿化带-伊利石黄铁矿化带-伊利石绿泥石化带,蚀变带宽度累计约10~20 m。采集的101件人工重砂样品中含自然金样品共计74件,其中粗粒金(0.07 mm)样品总量达62.4%。通过区内各类蚀变(矿化)相关的矿物与金含量关系的系统对比后发现:(1)自然金含量与褐铁矿呈正相关关系,与石英呈负相关关系,与黄铁矿的关系复杂;(2)伊利石黄铁矿化带中的自然金含量高于石英黄铁矿化带和伊利石绿泥石化带;(3)矿区基性岩脉与金无成因联系,基性脉岩及其后期破碎为金矿化提供了构造通道。本文认为在该区找矿工作中应该将伊利石黄铁矿化及石英黄铁矿化作为重要的找矿标志。本矿床自然金属于粗粒-巨粒,矿石中金含量的测定应选用针对明金的过筛火试金等分析方法。     

The Discovery of Natural Native Uranium and Its Significance

This study analyzed the composition and uranium valence of pitchblendes sampled from the hydrothermal Guidong and Zhuguang uranium deposits of the middle Nanling metallogenic belt, Southern China using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A revolutionary discovery is that the uranium not only exists in the forms of tetravalent and hexavalent uranium oxides, but also occurs in the form of native uranium. This is the first discovery of the existence of native uranium in nature. It greatly helps to reveal the origin of hydrothermal mineralization of uranium, and also has great significance for studying the thermal energy, formation and evolution of the earth.     

Determination of Total Sulfur in Thirty One Geochemical Reference Materials Using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer Fitted with a Semiconductor Photodiode Detector

The total sulfur contents of thirty one geochemical reference materials were determined using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer fitted with a semiconductor photodiode detector. Most samples were decomposed using an HF-aqua regia digestion. However, a few were incompletely decomposed by simple acid digestion, and these were decomposed by a fusion method. The agreement between the analytical results from this work and published data is generally good.     

中低温开放含硫水热体系中水岩淋滤实验研究

针对湘中湘西矿区的地质实际在１００￣３００℃,２０ＭＰａ压力条件下,对中低温开放含硫水热体系地层岩石中Ｓｂ、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ的多元素进行了淋滤实验研究。实验结果表明,随温度的升高,Ｓｂ和Ｈｇ的淋滤率增大;低温富硫热液有利于Ｓｂ和Ａｓ的活化迁移。同时,水岩比值、岩性以及岩石中元素的存在形式也是控制元素活化能力的重要因素。     

Acid rain in China-Input-output budgets of major ions in four forested catchments

Acid rain is one of China＇s major environmental problems and emissions of sulphur and nitrogen are still increasing. The acid rain situation in China is somewhat different from what is seen in Europe and North America. Sulfur deposition is very high, but there is also very high deposition of calcium and other base cations. The sources of atmospheric Ca are not well understood, although it is important for understanding long term impacts of acid deposition. The fate of S, N and Ca^2＋ in the catchment is crucial for the future development of the acidification situation of soils and waters in China. Very few studies presenting catchment input-output ion budgets in Chinese natural environments exist and there are several unknown factors regarding processes. Here, we present annual input-output budgets for three years （2001-2003） for major ions for four forested catchments in China receiving different loads of acid deposition. For the two sites receiving the highest SO4^2- inputs, the input-output budget for the upper 50 cm of soil is approximately balanced. For the most remote site the soil is a net sink for SO4^2-, suggesting that the pool of adsorbed SO4^2- in the soil is building up. This is in agreement with the fact that the site so far has received only moderate SO4^2- inputs. For the southemmost, the subtropical site there is a loss of SO4^2- in the soil, which at least partly may be related to high uptake from the dense and highly productive forest at the site. The Ca^2＋ budgets for the upper 50 cm of soil show large variations both within and between sites. For most locations there is production of Ca^2＋ in the soil that can be explained by weathering, and variation between years related to hydrology that can be explained by ion exchange. However, at some plots at the site receiving very high inputs of both SO4^2- and Ca^2＋, there is an unknown sink of Ca^2＋ in the soil at some plots.     

Comparison of streamflow recession between plantations and native forests in small catchments in Central-Southern Chile

In central Chile, many communities rely on water obtained from small catchments in the coastal mountains. Water security for these communities is most vulnerable during the summer dry season and, from 2010 to 2017, rainfall during the dry season was between 20% and 40% below the long-term average. The rate of decrease in stream flow after a rainfall event is a good measure of the risk of flow decreasing below a critical threshold. This risk of low flow can be quantified using a recession coefficient (α) that is the slope of an exponential decay function relating flow to time since rainfall. A mathematical model was used to estimate the recession coefficient (α) for 142 rainstorm events (64 in summer; 78 in winter) in eight monitored catchments between 2008 and 2017. These catchments all have a similar geology and extend from 35 to 39 degrees of latitude south in the coastal range of south-central Chile. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to test for differences between the mean value of α for different regions and forest types in winter and summer. The value of α did not differ (p < 0.05) between catchments in winter. Some differences were observed during summer and these were attributed to morphological differences between catchments and, in the northernmost catchments, the effect of land cover (native forest and plantation). Moreover, α for catchments with native forest was similar to those with pine plantations, although there was no difference (p < 0.05) between these and Eucalyptus plantations. The recession constant is a well-established method for understanding the effect of climate and disturbance on low flows and baseflows and can enhance local and regional analyses of hydrological processes. Understanding the recession of flow after rainfall in small headwater catchments, especially during summer, is vital for water resources management in areas where the establishment of plantations has occurred in a drying climate.     

广东天堂山锡多金属矿床成矿物质来源及就矿找矿思路

广东天堂山锡多金属矿床位于南岭成矿带的东段, 河源深断裂带与大东山-浰源-罗浮东西向深断裂带交会处附近, 中生代大长沙火山岩盆地中南部边缘。在分析该矿床成矿地质条件的基础上, 针对矿石的硫-铅同位素组成开展了相关研究, 探讨成矿物质来源。矿石的硫同位素分析结果表明, 成矿热液的δ34SΣS存在2个峰值, 分别为-0.5‰~0‰和5‰~6.5‰。根据矿床地质特征和类似矿床的硫同位素组成, 认为成矿热液的初始硫源主要为岩浆硫, 在成矿过程中因与浅部流体的混合, 成矿热液的硫同位素组成发生了一定变化。矿石的铅同位素结果显示, 铅的来源与造山带源区有关, 主要为上地壳铅, 可能存在地幔铅的参与。结合华南中生代大规模成矿作用的相关研究认识, 根据矿区地质特征、成矿流体演化和成矿物质来源的分析, 本文探讨了天堂山锡矿受构造控制的岩体侵位与成矿流体运移过程, 并由此提出以成矿地质体和控矿构造为中心的"由脉找体、由晕找源由体找脉、由源找带"的就矿找矿思路, 期望为天堂山地区的找矿勘查工作提供帮助。