GNSS-MR技术用于潮位变化监测分析

潮位变化的高精度监测一直是全球海平面观测系统、海洋环流和全球气候变化研究领域关注的热点问题之一。随着GNSS研究与应用的不断深入,近年来基于多路径效应的GNSS-MR技术已逐步成为一种新兴的遥感手段,即利用测量型GNSS站进行地表环境(植被、土壤湿度、雪深、潮位、火山活动等)监测。通过分析由多路径引起岸基GNSS站SNR值的变化特性,本文给出了基于SNR观测值的GNSS-MR技术监测潮位变化的反演原理。利用布设在美国华盛顿州Friday Harbor海港岸边的CORS站SC02实测观测数据对潮位变化监测进行了反演分析,并与该站相距359 m的验潮站数据进行了对比分析,两者较差均值约为10 cm左右,两者的相关系数均优于0.98。试验结果分析表明基于岸基CORS站的GNSS-MR技术在一定程度上可用于实时、连续的潮位变化监测,同时也说明岸基CORS站在一定程度上可作为验潮站的补充,进一步拓展GNSS在海洋遥感领域的应用范围。     

一种北斗星源伪距波动改正方法

北斗伪距观测值中存在与卫星相关的误差,这种误差称为星源伪距波动。为了进一步探究北斗星源伪距波动误差规律,提高定位精度及可靠性,对12个IGS multi-GNSS测站提供的三频数据进行了分析,并在此基础上建立了基于卫星高度角的多项式改正模型。实验表明,星源伪距波动主要存在于北斗IGSO和MEO卫星中,没有在GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO和北斗GEO卫星中发现类似的现象。经改正,自测测站三频伪距多路径组合的RMS分别减少了41.3%,37.2%及11.4%,与卫星高度角相关系数小于0.01。     

Performance analysis of multi-GNSS static and RTK techniques in estimating height differences

ABSTRACT

Establishing reliable elevation differences is imperative for most geoscience and engineering applications. This work has traditionally been accomplished through spirit leveling techniques; however, surveyors have been utilizing satellite positioning systems in measuring height differences for more than a decade. Yet the quality of these heights needs to be evaluated in order to adopt them in different applications. In this article, we present the outcome of an accuracy assessment of height differences obtained with static and RTK surveys. Twenty control points with an average baseline length of 1?km were occupied with dual-frequency GNSS receivers for different time periods. Collected signals were processed using open-source software and verified with an online processing tool. Heights were estimated by processing the GPS and the GLONASS data individually, and combined (i.e. GNSS). Height differences were determined and compared with those measured by spirit levels and corrected through geoid models. Best results were achieved by combining GPS and GLONASS solutions for both static and RTK surveys. Solutions with either GPS or GLONASS satellites were comparable, but in most cases, the GPS solutions performed better. For the static surveys, longer occupation provided much accurate height differences. Inconsistencies among 10 different RTK surveys were minimum for the GPS?+?GLONASS solutions and worst for the GLONASS solutions. The ANOVA, LSD, F, and χ² statistical tests confirmed our findings at the 95% confidence level.     

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基于GNSS多径信号的反射面参数估计算法

全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)多径信号广泛存在于城市峡谷等复杂导航定位场景中.多径信号在干扰GNSS接收机并造成系统定位精度下降的同时,也为接收机提供了周边反射面环境信息.在码相位延迟幅度联合跟踪算法(CADLL)实现GNSS多径信号感知和特征参数提取的基础上,设计实现了基于粒子滤波的反射面参数估计算法.该算法可以在GN...     

最小二乘谐波估计对GNSS坐标时间序列多路径效应提取能力的研究

在对比分析单元谐波估计与多元谐波估计这2种最小二乘谐波估计方法的数学原理及实现方法基础上,基于实际监测点的GNSS坐标时间序列,通过实验对比2种方法在提取多路径效应方面的效果.结果表明,单元谐波估计和多元谐波估计均能较好地提取多路径效应;在未发生数据中断的情况下,相比于单元谐波估计,多元谐波估计的去噪效果更明显,E、N...     

Sea Surface Heights Retrieval from Ship-Based Measurements Assisted by GNSS Signal Reflections

Measurements of the sea surface height (SSH) can be carried out with GNSS aboard ships, but data about the static draft and the hydrodynamic squat effect are necessary. This information is often not available or has an insufficient accuracy. In this study, an alternative method based on the GNSS signal-to-noise ratio observations is presented. Using this method, the distance between the water surface and a GNSS antenna can be estimated directly, if corrections of the heave and the ship’s attitude are considered properly. Suitable segments of a 3-month dataset, gathered aboard a ferry ship operating in the German Bight, were analysed. A global optimization approach based on interval analysis was used and all available observations from a segment were analysed in a common adjustment calculation. The resulting SSH was validated with data from a tide gauge station at Heligoland. The mean difference is 4?mm and a standard deviation of the differences of 5.3?cm was found. The SSH for the same GNSS dataset was also derived from a well-established processing based on the comprehensive consideration of ship dynamics. The mean difference with respect to the tide gauge was 2?mm with a slightly smaller standard deviation of 4.0?cm.     

北斗伪卫星信号的室内多径传播特性

北斗伪卫星系统因其较强的抗干扰能力和灵活机动的组网能力可以应用于室内位置服务。多径效应是影响伪卫星定位精度的主要因素,因此,掌握北斗伪卫星室内多径传播特性是抑制多径、提高定位精度的前提。本文针对北斗伪卫星特有的信号体制,利用射线追踪法,研究了室内环境下伪卫星信号路径损耗、功率角度分布等多径特性参数,通过Wireless Insite软件,构建了大型商场的三维模型,在此基础上进行了仿真试验验证。结果表明,伪卫星多径数量在非视距条件下会急剧减少,且伪卫星多径分量以相近功率值分布在特定范围的水平方向角内;同时其衰落信道模型服从小尺度衰落,符合瑞利-对数正态分布,大尺度衰落与对数距离路径损耗模型相吻合。     

利用高度角与MP组合随机模型提高PPP的收敛速度

在当前科学技术不断创新发展下,很多的技术都被应用到各个领域当中,其中精密单点定位技术(英文简称PPP)便是比较先进的技术,被当前地质勘察和航空测量广泛的应用。此次研究的目的是为了提高PPP收敛速度,这是由于当前PPP存在收敛速度比较慢的问题,不利于该项技术在科技发展领域的推广应用,针对这一问题,本文首先对多路径效应及MP组合观测值进行了实验分析,然后,对基于MP定权的GPS PPP方法进行详细的阐述,最后,通过实验分析,得出利用高度角与MP组合随机模型(ELE_MP模型)提高PPP的收敛速度。     

Tracer and hydrometric study of preferential flow in large undisturbed soil cores from the Georgia Piedmont,USA

We studied the temporal patterns of tracer throughput in the outflow of large (30 cm diameter by 38 cm long) undisturbed cores from the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia. Tracer breakthrough was affected by soil structure and rainfall intensity. Two rainfall intensities (20 and 40 mm hr⁻¹) for separate Cl⁻ and Br⁻ amended solutions were applied to two cores (one extracted from a hillslope soil and one extracted from a residual clay soil on the ridge). For both low and high rainfall intensity experiments, preferential flow occurred in the clay core, but not in the hillslope core. The preferential flow is attributed to well‐developed interpedal macrochannels that are commonly found in structured clay soils, characteristic of the ridge site. However, each rainfall intensity exceeded the matrix infiltration capacity at the top of the hillslope core, but did not exceed the matrix infiltration capacity at the middle and bottom of the hillslope core and at all levels in the clay core. Localized zones of saturation created when rainfall intensity exceeds the matrix infiltration capacity may cause water and tracer to overflow from the matrix into macrochannels, where preferential flow occurs to depth in otherwise unsaturated soil. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.