基于多路径效应的植被覆盖研究

测站周围的环境会对GPS观测产生多路径效应影响,利用TEQC软件分析武汉九峰台站的近十年的GPS数据,并对结果进行了频谱分析,发现GPS多路径效应与台站周围植被覆盖情况存在着一致的周年的变化规律。因此,可以利用GPS的多路径效应来研究植被覆盖率的变化。     

北斗数据质量分析软件设计与实现

随着北斗卫星导航系统的发展,北斗卫星数据在许多领域得到广泛应用,对北斗数据质量的监测变得越来越重要。文中在Visual Studio 2008开发平台下基于C++语言,设计并实现北斗数据质量分析软件,分析软件具有分析观测数据中多路径误差、周跳、载噪比、数据可用率和电离层延迟等信息的功能。利用开阔环境、树林环境、玻璃幕墙环境中的观测数据对分析软件进行测试,结果表明,分析软件能够真实反映出观测数据的质量情况。     

Acoustic response of gas hydrate formation in sediments from South China Sea

Gas hydrate has been recognized as a potential energy resource in South China Sea (SCS). Understanding the acoustic response of gas hydrate formation in the SCS sediments is essential for regional gas hydrate investigation and quantification. The sediments were obtained from gravity core sampling at E 115°12.52363′ N 19°48.40299′. Gas hydrate was formed within a “gas + water-saturated SCS sediments” system. Combination of a new bender element technique and coated time domain reflectometry (TDR) was carried out to study the acoustic response of hydrate occurrence in SCS sediments. The results show the acoustic signal becomes weak when hydrate saturation (S_h) is lower than 14%. The acoustic velocities (Vp, Vs) of the sediments increase with S_h during hydrate formation, and Vs increases relatively faster when S_h is higher than 14%. These results indicate that tiny hydrate particles may firstly float in the pore fluid, which causes a significant acoustic attenuation, but has little influence on shear modulus. As time lapses and S_h approaches 14%, numerous particles coalesce together and contact with sediment particles. As a result, Vs has a sharp increase when hydrate saturation exceeds 14%. Several velocity models were validated with the experimental data, which suggests a combination of the BGTL (Biot–Gassmann Theory modified by Lee) model and the Weighted Equation is suitable to estimate S_h in SCS.     

Analysis on code multipath mitigation by phase—Aided smoothing

Multipath influence on code range under static condition is described firstly in this paper, and the problem that to what extent the phase-aided smoothing can mitigate multipath interference is detailed. Some problems regarding smoothing and mitigation are discussed. Suggestions based on the analysis has been made.     

GNSS vulnerabilities: simulation,verification, and mitigation platform design

This paper introduces the design and construction of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) vulnerability simulation, verification, and mitigation platform. The platform contains five modules: simulation of the signal-in-space environment, simulation of the vulnerabilities in the space segment, signal quality monitoring and data processing, vulnerability assessment and validation, and integrated control. It provides a set of integrated simulations of different types of interference in the GNSS signal propagation domain, including electromagnetic interference, atmospheric disturbances, multipath, and interference in the inter-satellite link. This paper focuses on the design of the main system modules and testing through an experimental analysis. The results demonstrate both the effectiveness and realism of the modules and overall platform.     

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Rock moisture measurements: techniques,results, and implications for weathering

Rock moisture is an important factor for the intensity and distribution of frost weathering processes. However, quantitative measurements are scarce, which is partly due to the lack of reliable measurement techniques. This paper presents five different techniques for obtaining rock moisture data. While collecting rock pieces and two‐dimensional geoelectric measurements allow determination of the spatial moisture distribution, the temporal variability can be derived from conductivity and time domain reflectometry records. Computer simulations, using rock properties and climatic records as input data, render it possible to clarify the important aspects that are responsible for the moisture distribution. It proved to be advisable to use several methods to check and validate the results. The results, obtained in study areas in the Bavarian Alps, make it clear that direct rainfall is the main source of rock moisture. The influence of snow is limited to the immediate vicinity of the snow fields and is not equally pronounced at different times and positions. Rock moisture levels are higher in summer than they are in winter, since in winter less water is supplied in liquid form. Northerly exposed rockwalls are generally more moist than those exposed in a southerly direction, which is due to the different insolation as well as to the wind direction during rainfall. In every position the rock is, on average, wetter on the inside than it is on the surface. This means that shallow frost cycles, as typical for south‐exposed sites, are not affecting weathering, since they take place at a depth level that is mostly dried out. Numerous spatial and temporal patterns of rockfall found in the same study areas can be explained through variations in rock moisture. Thus, the moisture content of the rock is considered to be one of the major controlling factors of the frost‐shattering rate. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三频电离层延迟改正中多路径误差和观测噪声的削弱算法

多频测距系统可以借助多频观测数据削弱电离层延迟的影响,但多频改正算法在改正电离层延迟项的同时会不同程度地放大多路径误差、观测噪声等伪距误差的影响。其中利用三频数据可以将电离层延迟改正至二阶项,也可以只改正至一阶项,分别称为三频二阶改正和三频一阶改正。首次推导了利用三频观测数据削弱伪距中多路径效应和观测噪声等误差的算法,使三频电离层延迟改正中伪距误差的影响大大减小。通过对三频实测数据的处理和分析验证了算法的有效性并给出了一些有益的结论和建议:在利用三频观测数据进行电离层改正时,首先改正伪距中的多路径误差和观测噪声,然后采用三频二阶改正算法将电离层延迟改正至二阶项,将有效提高伪距改正精度。如果不能有效削弱这些误差的影响,宜采用三频一阶改正或双频改正。     

北斗星上多径对宽巷模糊度解算的影响分析

通过引入北斗星上多径参数,量化了北斗星上多径对宽巷模糊度解算的影响;从理论上分析了该影响量在非差、单差和双差条件下的特性,并采用零基线、短基线和长基线3组实测数据进行了分析与验证。结果表明:星上多径对非差宽巷模糊度估值的影响在三类卫星上表现出不同的特性,在MEO卫星上最大,可达1周;星间单差无法消除星上多径偏差影响,进而PPP宽巷模糊度的解算将受到影响;星上多径不会对零基线双差宽巷模糊度解算造成影响,对短基线双差宽巷模糊度解算的影响也可忽略,但长基线双差宽巷模糊度解算则受严重影响;星上多径会导致长基线双差宽巷模糊度平滑收敛缓慢,经改正后模糊度固定成功率能够显著提高,单历元取整成功率从52.7%提升到61.4%,平滑20个历元模糊度固定成功率即可从68.4%提升到95.5%。     

BDS卫星星内多径及其对宽巷FCB解算的影响分析

针对BDS卫星的伪距星内多径(SIMP)问题,提出和强调了在进行SIMP建模时应该采用天底角而非高度角作为自变量,这样获得的模型才能用于不同高程的接收机。收集全球分布的iGMAS和MGEX监测站数据,以天底角为自变量构建了北斗IGSO和MEO两类卫星B1、B2和B3频点的SIMP分段线性模型。利用FY3C星载北斗数据对北斗GEO、IGSO和MEO的SIMP作进一步分析。结果表明,当天底角小于7°时,GEO和IGSO卫星的SIMP非常接近,对B2频点尤其明显。这也许预示着可以将地面数据获得的IGSO卫星的SIMP模型用于GEO卫星。同时还发现在天底角小于12°(MEO)和7°(IGSO)时,所得到的SIMP估值与地面数据获得的模型有非常好的一致性。在此基础上,采用MGEX全球监测网数据进行宽巷小数周偏差(FCB)解算试验,结果表明,经过SIMP改正后,各颗卫星的星端宽巷FCB序列的重复性都有显著提高,改进幅度都超过了60%。具体的,IGSO和MEO的星端FCB重复精度小于0.05周;采用IGSO卫星的SIMP模型对GEO卫星进行改正后,C01和C02星的FCB重复精度分别达到0.023和0.068周。