Influence of Changes in the Prevailing Synoptic Conditions on the Response of Aerosol Characteristics to Land- and Sea-Breeze Circulations at a Coastal Station

The changes in the response of near surfaceaerosol properties to land- and sea-breezecirculations, associated with the changes in the prevailing synoptic meteorological conditions, are examined for a tropical coastal station. Aerosol properties are nearly similar in both the breeze regimes (land and sea) during seasons of marine airmass while they are distinct during seasons of continental airmass. As the prevailing winds shift from continental to marine and the ambient weather changes from winter conditions to the humid monsoon season, the submicron mode, which dominated the aerosol mass-size distribution, is largely suppressed and the dominance of the super micron mode increases. During periods of continental air mass (winter), the aerosol loading is significantly higher in the land-breeze regime, (particularly in the submicron range) but as the winds shift to marine, the loading initially becomes insensitive to the breeze regimes and later becomes higher in the sea-breeze regime, particularly in the super micron range.     

Nautilus矿业公司SMS勘探中采用的取样技术与装备

海底大块状硫化物(SMS)富含铜、锌、铅等金属,特别是富含贵金属金、银,引起了国际采矿业的浓厚兴趣。近年来,以澳大利亚Nautilus矿业公司为先驱代表的国际大型资源开发商和投资商已介入海底多金属硫化物的商业化开采。文中介绍了Nautilus公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区针对海底块状硫化物矿床开展的一系列以商业开采为目的的勘探取样活动,详细介绍了勘探中所采用的基本方法与技术,并重点对其地质调查中所应用的拖网挖掘取样、ROV海底表面取样、大洋钻探船岩芯取样和专门开发的ROV岩芯钻探取样的装备、取样结果及作业效率进行了较为系统全面地介绍。     

Pseudo-fractal interpolation for risk analysis

This paper describes a new method of analyzing the risk incurred when the outcome of a decision depends on interpolated values, for example, on the flow through an aquifer sparsely sampled for permeability or on the ratio of waste to ore in a mineral deposit sparsely sampled for grade. The method uses large families of interpolations constructed between sample values using adaptations of the well-known midpoint displacement method for generating pseudo-fractional Brownian motion trajectories. The parameters defining each family are chosen interactively by specialists to incorporate their expert knowledge. Each family, or ensemble, then defines a population of values for any global characteristic (functional) such as flow rate or waste ratio. The probabilities of various outcomes are estimated by counting them and calculating their ratios. For example, if 900 out of 1000 are acceptable the chance of success is estimated to be 90%.     

VP型垂直摆倾斜仪观测频带的分析及改进

从仪器原理、传递函数和观测数据等方面分析目前在网进行1 Hz采样的VP型垂直摆倾斜仪在2~60 s周期内的频率特性,认为该仪器可以观测到频带内的信号变化,但因处于过渡带,观测幅度较真实幅度削弱约20~40 dB。对VP型垂直摆倾斜仪观测频带进行拓展,使2~60 s周期内的观测信号由之前的过渡带进入到仪器的通频带,结果与相同采样率的其他定点形变仪器的观测效果相同,将地倾斜观测量转换为加速度表达后,其幅频特性符合全球地震背景噪声模型。改进后的VP型垂直摆倾斜仪对于远距离震级不大的同震体波震相记录效果略优于改进前,但受地脉动影响,在识别非地脉动信号时需要采用更精细的方法和手段来提高识别效果。     

Using CORINE land cover and the point survey LUCAS for area estimation

CORINE land cover 2000 (CLC2000) is a European land cover map produced by photo-interpretation of Landsat ETM+ images. Its direct use for area estimation can be strongly biased and does not generally report single crops. CLC areas need to be calibrated to give acceptable statistical results.LUCAS (land use/cover area frame survey) is a point survey carried out in 2001 and 2003 in the European Union (EU15) on a systematic sample of clusters of points. LUCAS is especially useful for area estimation in geographic units that do not coincide with administrative regions, such as set of coastal areas defined with a 10 km buffer. Some variance estimation issues with systematic sampling of clusters are analysed.The contingency table obtained overlaying CLC and LUCAS gives the fine scale composition of CLC classes. Using CLC for post-stratification of LUCAS is equivalent to the direct calibration estimator when the sampling units are points. Stratification is easier to adapt to a scheme in which the sampling units are the clusters of points used in LUCAS 2001/2003.     

分层随机抽样的单档电力线LiDAR点云聚类方法

针对基于直升机激光雷达(LiDAR)测量技术的电力巡线对全自动电力线三维重建的迫切需求,该文提出了一种基于分层随机抽样和电力线三维重建数学模型约束的单档电力线LiDAR点云聚类方法。其中,利用了直线段和悬链线段相结合的电力线三维数学模型描述了现实三维场景中的电力线形态,并以此约束点云分层随机抽样的结果。聚类过程中,首先进行数据预处理和分段组织;接着进行标号。实验表明,该文的聚类方法具有对电力线根数、电力线类型、电力线空间构型、长度、两端电塔高差、点云不规则断裂、粗差等因素不敏感的优势。     

无人机三维空气质量监测研究

针对现有空气监测缺乏污染垂直分布特征的观测及数据采集覆盖范围有限的问题,该文提出了用无人驾驶飞机搭载微型空气质量检测器监测大气污染的方法,首先分析了传统地面监测站的缺点,并阐述了监测设备的构成;然后从无人驾驶飞机大气污染空间采样方案、污染物数据的准确性及可靠性校正、大气污染时空规律几个方面做了研究;最后选择浙江省临安市青山湖街道、上海奉贤区等地区进行了试验。研究结果能有效补充地面监测站的数据缺失,揭示PM2.5、O3等大气污染物的垂直分布、垂直扩散及区域性输送特征,为空气污染预警和防控对策机制的制定提供重要技术依据。     

基于压缩感知的遥感影像弹性配准方法

针对遥感影像由于载荷类型、观测角度、地形起伏等内外部因素造成的影像局部几何畸变,而基于全局配准方法制约着影像配准精度的提高,基于像元的弹性配准方法可大幅提升遥感影像的配准精度,但是存在运算效率这一瓶颈等问题,该文利用像元弹性配准参数的稀疏性,提出一种基于压缩感知的弹性配准方法。通过对遥感影像像元梯度幅值响应较强的点进行随机抽样,形成观测样本点集,采用弹性配准局部参数解算模型求解样本点平移参数;通过压缩感知稀疏重构算法重构影像各像元平移参数。实验表明,在配准精度差异较小和一定的参数设置条件下,该方法可显著提高弹性配准运算速度。     

Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for conditioning a permeability field to pressure data

Generating one realization of a random permeability field that is consistent with observed pressure data and a known variogram model is not a difficult problem. If, however, one wants to investigate the uncertainty of reservior behavior, one must generate a large number of realizations and ensure that the distribution of realizations properly reflects the uncertainty in reservoir properties. The most widely used method for conditioning permeability fields to production data has been the method of simulated annealing, in which practitioners attempt to minimize the difference between the ’ ’true and simulated production data, and “true” and simulated variograms. Unfortunately, the meaning of the resulting realization is not clear and the method can be extremely slow. In this paper, we present an alternative approach to generating realizations that are conditional to pressure data, focusing on the distribution of realizations and on the efficiency of the method. Under certain conditions that can be verified easily, the Markov chain Monte Carlo method is known to produce states whose frequencies of appearance correspond to a given probability distribution, so we use this method to generate the realizations. To make the method more efficient, we perturb the states in such a way that the variogram is satisfied automatically and the pressure data are approximately matched at every step. These perturbations make use of sensitivity coefficients calculated from the reservoir simulator.     

泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性研究(一)

运用１个样／１ｋｍ２、１个组合样／４ｋｍ２，１个样／（１００～１０００）ｋｍ２、１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度系统研究了泛滥平原沉积物的超低密度采样代表性。通过对Ｓｂ、Ａｓ、Ａｇ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｎ、Ｎａ２Ｏ元素的地球化学分布模式，Ｗ的地球化学特征在不同采样密度间的信息传递，证明了用１个样／（１０００～１００００）ｋｍ２的采样密度，采集的泛滥平原沉积物具有代表性