江苏宜兴骆驼墩、西溪遗址全新世软体动物

江苏宜兴骆驼墩、西溪遗址化石丰富,除软体动物外,还有植物、孢粉、昆虫、脊椎动物等。作者研究的软体动物化石,计有8属17种,其中有一新种：Corbicula yixingensis Huang et Caisp．nov．,隶属于双壳类（Bivalvia）的殊蚌科（Unionidae）、蚬科（Corbiculidae）及腹足类（Gastropoda）的田螺科（Viviparidae）。可分成3个组合类群,一是Unio—Cuneopsis类群,本类群属种个体数量虽然少,但地质历程长,从第三纪晚期中新世至第四纪全新世均有,代表古老的类群。如：Cuneopsis spocki Leroy最早发现于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟二连第三纪晚期中新世通古尔期：Unio tschiliensis Sherany曾发现于河北张家口岔道口更新世早期,上述二种均未见现生种。二是Arconaia-Lamprotula类群。这个类群从第四纪早期至现代河、湖、池塘、水库中均有分布。其中Arconaia—laneceolata（Lea）见于江苏沭阳钱集西南更新世早期。Lamprotula（Sinolamprotula）leai（Gray）见于河南三门峡更新世早期。三是Corbicula-Bellamya类群。该类群时代长,分布广,适应性强,属种个体数量极多,其中Corbicula largillierti Heude从第三纪晚期至现代均有。化石种曾发现于内蒙古乌兰察布盟四子王旗第三纪晚期;山西垣曲,陕西大荔更新世早期：但在江苏金坛、江阴、宜兴的全新世时大量发育、繁衍、繁盛。以致现代长江流域太湖、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖及其相通的河流中也有,为中国广泛分布的特有种,本种似乎起源于中国内蒙古,而后向西、向南迁移。Bellamya quadrata（Benson）见于广西桂林南郊全新世,也有现生种。     

Effects of parasitism and environment on shell size of the South American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Gastropoda)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of parasitism and certain environmental factors on the shell size of Heleobia australis (Hydrobiidae, Cochliopinae). We report sporocysts and metacercariae of Microphallus simillimus (Microphallidae, Trematoda) parasitizing the gonad and digestive gland of H. australis specimens from two sites of Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher (34.17% in winter and 68.14% in late spring) in snails from the outer estuary at Site 2 than in those from the inner estuary at Site 1 (5.88% and 4.71% respectively). The only known definitive host for this digenean is the white-backed stilt Himantopus melanurus (Recurvirostridae, Aves), most abundant in the estuary during winter. Parasitism by M. simillimus causes variations in the shell dimensions of H. australis, the shells of infected snails being narrower than those of uninfected snails. Snails from Site 2 were found in general to be significantly smaller than those at Site 1, possibly as a result of differences in environmental factors such as the degree of exposure to wave energy, the allocation of energy to reproduction rather than growth (induced by predation and/or parasitic castrators) and anthropogenic stressors.     

天津潮间带春季贝类资源调查

为研究天津潮间带贝类资源的分布特征,2017年5月,作者对天津滩涂开展贝类资源调查。共采集贝类30种,分属2纲、4亚纲、10目、19科,在汉沽鲤鱼门、大港减河口、大港滨海湿地分别采集贝类20种、19种、19种;高潮区、中潮区、低潮区分别采集贝类11种、22种、10种;H'值大小顺序为鲤鱼门滨海湿地减河口,中潮区高潮区低潮区;经济贝类主要分布于中潮区,鲤鱼门与减河口滩涂的优势经济种均为菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum),生物量分别为562.8、828.5 g/m~2,滨海湿地的优势经济种为四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis),生物量为1 403.8 g/m~2。对比2013年,大港减河口滩涂的贝类种数及生物量均升高,鲤鱼门滩涂的贝类种数增加,滨海湿地滩涂的贝类资源为首次报道。     

Late Pleistocene deposits at Block Fen,Cambridgeshire, England

Organic sediments in a gravel quarry at Block Fen, Cambridgeshire, form a sheet dividing lower from upper gravels. Analyses of pollen, macroscopic plant remains and molluscs from these organic sediments are presented. They indicate the presence of temperate freshwater and slightly brackish fine floodplain sediments, which, on the basis of the palaeobotany, are correlated with the temperate Ipswichian Stage. The freshwater sediments, ascribed to Ipswichian substage IIb, occur at ca. ?3 m OD. Marine-influenced tidal sediments, ascribed to Ipswichian substage III, occur at ca. ?6 m OD. No evidence was found for the presence of more than one temperate stage in the sequence. The lower gravels are then correlated with the cold Wolstonian Stage and the upper gravels with the cold Devensian Stage. In contrast to the woodland environments indicated by the palaeobotany of the Ipswichian organic sediments, post-Ipswichian pollen diagrams and macroscopic plant remains in the upper suite of sands and gravels indicate open tree-less vegetation typical of the cold Devensian Stage. They also contain a typical cold-stage mollusc fauna. The sediments containing these floras and faunas are associated with thermal contraction cracks, indicating the presence of permafrost. The final sand and gravel aggradation in the Devensian forms the Block Fen Terrace, near 0 m OD. The evidence indicates that it is younger than the lacustrine sediments resulting from the blocking of the Fenland at the Wash by Late Devensian ice at ca. 18.5 ka BP. The sequence at Block Fen is related to nearby Ipswichian and Devensian sediments at Chatteris, March, Wimblington and Mepal, and to deposits at Wretton on the east margin of Fenland. The correlation permits an outline reconstruction of the history of the valley carrying the River Great Ouse between the Isle of Ely and the Chatteris and March ‘islands’ from the time of a gravel aggradation before the Ipswichian to the Flandrian. The reconstruction shows the time and level of the Ipswichian marine incursion into the Middle Level of Fenland and the extent of aggradation and erosion in the Devensian.     

贝类四倍体育种研究进展

综述了国内外贝类四倍体育种的研究现状和最新进展。四倍体诱导的方法主要有抑制第1极体或同时抑制2个极体的释放、抑制第1次卵裂、细胞融合、人工雌核发育和利用三倍体诱导四倍体，其中利用三倍体获得四倍体是迄今报道的获得具存活力的四倍体的唯一成功方法。四倍体育种中染色体组操作的结果除了产生整倍体外，还产生大量的非整倍体。四倍体贝类存活力较低，但具有较高的繁殖力，能产生较大的生殖细胞，并能与二倍体杂交产生100％的三倍体。     

曹娥江流域的淡水贝类

报告了自１９８１年以来历次对曹娥江流域淡水贝类的调查结果。标本经鉴定计有５２种，其中腹足纲６科１３属３２种，瓣鳃纲４科１１属２０种。分析了流域中淡水贝类与栖息环境的关系。探讨了流域中淡水贝类的分布区划及经济意义。     

Differences in stable isotope compositions of freshwater snails from surface sediments of two Polish shallow lakes

The study reports and discusses the differences in δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of shells between several species of freshwater snails. Shells were derived from sediment samples collected from depths of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 m along transects in two shallow eutrophic lakes located in mid-western Poland. Mean δ¹³C values of the shells ranged between −7.5 and −3.8‰ in Lake Jarosławieckie and between −8.1 and −5.2‰ in Lake Rosnowskie Duże, whereas mean δ¹⁸O values ranged between −2.2 and −0.2‰ and between −2.2 and 0.4‰ respectively in the studied lakes. A similar order of species in terms of shell isotope values, from least to most ¹³C and ¹⁸O-depleted was observed in both lakes and seems to indicate constancy of the factors controlling the stable isotope compositions of snail shells. We postulate that the nearly 4‰ difference in the mean carbon stable isotope values between the species was primarily controlled by the amount of metabolic carbon incorporated into the shells and the δ¹³C values of the snail food. Different growth cessation temperatures and microhabitats of the species studied result in temporally and spatially varied DIC δ¹³C values, water δ¹⁸O values and water temperature of shell precipitation, and may thus differentiate the δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of shells. The range of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values of individual shells from a sediment sample (mean 2.35 and 2.15‰, respectively) is interpreted as reflecting an intraspecific variability of isotope compositions in shells from a population and changes of the ambient conditions during the accumulation of the sediment layer. The species-specificity and intraspecific variability in C and O isotopic compositions of shells allow concluding that in palaeolimnological studies, stable isotope analyses should be performed on a set of mono-specific shells representing mean isotope compositions of the species for the interval studied rather than single shells or multispecific bulk shell material.     

广西喀斯特洞穴蛹状螺科一新种记述（腹足纲，新进腹足亚纲，古扭舌目）

中国的蛹状螺科（Pupinidae）迄今共报道5属,分别为拇指螺属（Pollicaria A.A. Gould, 1856、拟圆口螺属（Pseudopomatias Möllendorff, 1885）、蛹状螺属（Pupina Vignard, 1829）、小蛹螺属（Pupinella Gray, 1850）、象蛹螺属（Rhaphaulus L. Pfeiffer, 1856）和裂唇螺属（Coptocheilus Gould, 1862） （ = Schistoloma Kobelt, 1902）。除拟圆口螺属和裂唇螺属有过详细整理报道外,其他各属物种仍缺乏研究。本文对中国小蛹螺属（Pupinella）进行了分类整理。本属此前共记录3种,即具槽小蛹螺（P. sulcatus）,台湾小蛹螺（P. swinhoei）和梅山小蛹螺（P. masuhowaruensis）,仅分布于广西和台湾。笔者在整理由华南农业大学田明义教授洞穴考察团队在广西壮族自治区河池市都安瑶族自治县一喀斯特洞穴中采集的陆生贝类时,经鉴定发现小蛹螺属一新种,即田氏小蛹螺（Pupinella tiani sp. nov.）,因其壳体具蛹状管、无内沟槽、壳表肋纹明显及壳口窦开放等特征而与本属其他物种区分。根据壳体形态特征,分布于云南的勐仑蛹状螺（Pupina menglunensis） 被转移到本属,并认为Pupinella frednaggsi为其一新异名。此外,还提供了中国小螺属分种检索表。田氏小蛹螺新种 （Pupinella tiani Z.-Y. Chen, sp. nov.）模式标本：正模,广西壮族自治区河池市都安瑶族自治县龙湾乡琴棋村一号洞,23°52′19′′N,108°16′02′′E,海拔466 m,2013年12月24日,田明义、刘卫欣、尹昊旻、罗孝竹采集。副模：2个,采集信息同正模。正副模标本均保存于河北大学动物博物馆软体动物馆藏中。测量：正模标本,壳高：11.30 mm,壳宽：4.62 mm,壳口直径：3.80 mm。副模标本（n=2）,壳高：11.24~11.38 mm,壳宽：4.50~4.56 mm,壳口直径：3.64~3.82 mm。词源学：本种名源自标本主要采集人田明义教授。描述：贝壳小型,高圆锥形,有6.5个浅色且稍有光泽的螺层。胚螺层约有2.5个,粗糙,边界与下部螺层较难明显区分。主螺层有细而规则的肋纹,肋纹随着螺层的增加而逐渐明显,体螺层上每1 mm有15个肋纹;体螺层的腹侧稍扁平;壳口圆形,平直;唇缘外扩,白瓷色,边缘被一腔襞沟槽和一近壳轴沟槽;腔襞沟槽和壳轴沟槽为半圆形的开放槽,不形成管状。壳轴缺沟槽与基部龙骨相对应,在胼胝处消失。脐孔狭窄。厣形态未知。描别：本种因其开放的沟槽和壳轴沟槽内管阙如而与中国其他物种区分。台湾小蛹螺与本种在尺寸和外形上最相近,但新种可通过其细尖的壳顶和不具双唇结构而于前者区分。详见正文的检索表。附记：本种仅知分布于模式产地。模式标本从洞口土样中分离,同时发现的有微拟沼螺属（Acmella W.T Blanford, 1969）的标本。     

Trematode parasites of Otago Harbour (New Zealand) soft‐sediment intertidal ecosystems: Life cycles,ecological roles and DNA barcodes

Parasites, in particular trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea), play major roles in the population dynamics and community structure of invertebrates on soft‐sediment mudflats. Here, we provide a list of the 20 trematode species currently known to infect molluscs, crustaceans and polychaetes from Otago Harbour (New Zealand) soft‐sediment intertidal areas, as well as information on their transmission modes, life cycles, andknown ecological impacts. Several of the host‐parasite species combinations recorded here are reported for the first time. We also provide DNA barcodes, based on sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit l (CO1) gene, for 19 of the 20 trematode species, to facilitate future identification of these parasites in marine ecological studies.