海洋牧场背景下的休闲渔业旅游发展模式研究

近年来随着产业融合的发展趋势显著,第一产业和第二产业开始向第三产业转型,海洋牧场建设发展过程中渔业与旅游业逐渐融合发展形成休闲渔业等渔业旅游形式。许多地区因地制宜形成了不同的休闲渔业发展模式,休闲渔业旅游发展多元化的趋势也在逐渐形成。文章对休闲渔业的概念进行了阐述,介绍了休闲渔业的产生与发展,并对我国休闲渔业的旅游模式进行归纳,提出当前休闲渔业发展存在的问题。如:发展观念滞后,缺乏长远规划;海洋休闲渔业产业结构单一;缺乏高素质的从业人员;科技、资金投入不足等。最后总结了海洋牧场背景下休闲渔业的未来发展趋势并对发展方向提出建议。     

农村居民点整理中传统村落保护问题探析

农村居民点整理不仅要在改善农村生产生活条件、促进新农村建设和城乡一体化发展等方面发挥重要作用,还应在乡土建筑文化保护与传承做出贡献。该文探讨现代村落与传统村落的内涵,并将传统村落区分为一般传统村落和特殊传统村落;分析了传统村落保护状况;提出了农村居民点整理中传统村落保护内容;根据不同的村落类型提出了相应的整理模式与整理方向。     

The influence of air–sea–ice interactions on an anomalous phytoplankton bloom in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer, 2011

An anomalous phytoplankton bloom was recorded in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean (SO) during the austral summer, 2011. Possible mechanisms for the triggering of such a large bloom were analyzed with the help of in situ and satellite data. The bloom, which formed in January 2011, intensified during February and weakened by March. High surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations (0.76 mg m⁻³) were observed in the area of the bloom (60°S, 47°E) with a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) of 1.15 mg m⁻³ at a depth of 40–60 m. During 2011, both the concentration and spatial extent of sea ice were high on the western side of the bloom, between 0°E and 40°E, and enhanced freshwater influx was observed in the study area as a result of melting ice. A positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) (with a resultant northward horizontal advection) and an intense La Niña during 2010–2011 are possible reasons for the high sea-ice concentrations. The enhanced Chl a observed in the study region, which can be attributed to the phytoplankton bloom, likely resulted from the influx of nutrient-laden freshwater derived from melting sea ice.     

新型扩散云室搭建及其对黄山地区大气冰核的观测研究

本研究利用自行搭建的大气冰核高压静电采样器和静力真空水汽扩散云室,并结合其他大气冰核及气象要素观测仪器,于2011年5～9月及2012年9～10月在黄山三层不同高度上同时进行大气冰核及相关气象要素的连续观测。结果显示:黄山地区总冰核数浓度平均为18.74 L-1,凝结冻结核化冰核数浓度平均为0.79 L-1,凝华核化冰核数浓度平均为0.19 L-1。黄山地区冰核数浓度,随着高度的增加而减小;且存在春季较高、秋季居中、夏季较少的季节变化规律;下午达到一天中的最高值,夜晚达到一天中的最低值;总冰核数浓度较北方少。黄山山顶冰核数浓度随活化温度的升高而减小,随过饱和度的升高而增大,随风速的增强而增大,长期主要由西南风向山顶的输送,且其主要由大粒子来充当。     

社区气象防灾减灾工作浅析

社区是公众生活中不可缺少的一个综合的群众基础机构,也是城市气象防灾减灾体系建设中的基本组织单元。我国社区气象防灾减灾体系目前尚不完善,社区抗灾能力仍比较薄弱。文中通过对国内外社区气象灾害防御管理模式的研究,分析了目前我国社区气象减灾管理模式的现状和问题,提出了加强和改进社区应对气象灾害的措施和建议。     

导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构振型扩阶方法

提出1种适用于海上风力发电支撑结构的模态振型扩阶方法。该方法无需借助转换矩阵实现振型扩阶,而是依靠实测模态并通过修正有限元模型对应振型在未测试自由度的振型值而获得空间完备的模态振型,并且所发展的方法在一定程度上可以忽略有限元模型存在的建模误差,是1种直接的估算方法,计算效率相对较高。文中采用三桩导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构验证提出方法的正确性以及在低阶模态振型扩阶上的优越性。数值结果表明,该方法对传感器位置、数量依赖程度低,尤其对于海上风电结构,仅在结构的水深较浅部位布置少数传感器即可比较精确的实现低阶模态振型扩阶,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.     

基于Android平台的移动GIS地图服务模式研究

移动智能终端正在迅速成为地图服务的增值平台,基于Android平台的移动GIS地图服务技术将成为研究热点。本文首先研究了移动GIS地图服务的特点、形式和模式,提出了一种地图混合服务模式;然后在此基础上,探究了Android平台下地图服务模式的技术开发,建立了一种基于自定义瓦片地图的服务开发模式;最后以客户端移动GIS地图服务演示系统为例,进行了技术验证。     

中国东部气温异常型与海表温度异常模关系的诊断

基于国家气候中心整编的160站常规观测气温资料和HADLEY中心的海表温度资料,应用最大协方差分析方法,诊断了中国东部各季节气温异常型和前期海表温度异常(SSTA)模的关系,并重点分析冬季气温与SSTA模的最佳耦合模态及海温异常对大气环流的影响。结果表明:中国东部四季气温异常型与前期海盆SSTA模的显著耦合关系表现出不同的特征。超前6个月的热带太平洋第二模和南印度洋第二模与东部地区冬季气温一致变化型耦合关系最佳。西南冷东北暖的气温异常型与超前4个月热带大西洋一致增暖模有最佳耦合关系。大气环流对与全区气温一致偏冷型对应的SSTA模的回归表现为:西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压增强,东亚大槽加深,中纬度西风加强。对与气温西南冷东北暖型对应的SSTA模的回归表现为:西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压略有增强,东亚大槽槽区附近位势升高,大槽变浅,槽线偏向西南,东部40°N以北风速加强,以南风速减弱。     

The Second Decadal Leading Mode of East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

The first decadal leading mode of East Asian summer rainfall （EASR） is characterized by rainfall anomalies along the East Asian subtropical rain belt. This study focuses on the second decadal leading mode （2DLM）, accounting for 17.3% of rainfall decadal vari- ance, as distinct from the other two neighboring modes of EAMR, based on the state-of-the-art in-situ rainfall data. This mode is characterized by a South-China-wet-Huaihe- River-dry pattern, and is dominated by a quasi-30-yr pe- riod. Further analysis reveals the 2DLM corresponds to an enhanced lower-level monsoon jet, an eastward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high, and a weakened East Asian upper-level westerly jet flow. The Tibetan Plateau surface temperature and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） are closely linked with the 2DLM. The regressed SST pattern indicates the PDO-like pattern of sea surface temperature anomalies may have a telecon- nection relationship with the 2DLM of EASR.