结合地物空间特性的高光谱图像分类方法研究

以往的高光谱或多光谱图像分类与识别,往往只关注像元光谱维上的特性,其一切特征统计也只在光谱及波段维上展开。但是自然界的复杂性、混合像元问题的存在,仅靠像元的光谱特性是不够的,常会出现"麻点"现象。针对这一问题,本文提出一种结合地物空间特性的高光谱图像分类方法,其分类过程可以分为两个阶段,第一阶段是基于像元光谱特性的图像分类,获得影像分类图;第二阶段是针对第一阶段的分类结果,结合地物空间特性进行空间后分类处理。试验研究结果表明,该方法能够保持地块的连续性和均一性,同时克服了"麻点"现象,大大提高分类的精度。     

混合单元模型在道路工程土方量计算中的运用

通过综合规则格网和不规则三角网的特点,构建了混合单元模型运用于道路勘察设计的土方量计算中,采用蒙特卡罗积分方法进行体积计算.通过工程实例对比,验证了此方法可行性,为土方量计算提供新模式.     

利用线性混合模型进行高光谱混合图像分解

简述了混合像元及线性模型的基本理论,介绍了线性光谱模型进行分解的步骤,以具体实例实现应用线性混合模型对高光谱混合影像的分解。     

环北京地区积层混合云微物理结构飞机联合探测研究

利用北京、山西和河北三省市飞机在环北京地区探测的积层混合云微物理结构特征资料,结合卫星等宏观观测资料,分析了环北京地区积层混合云系空间云微物理结构特征。结果显示,冷锋云系前部,云内部微物理参数空间分布不均匀,2700m以上较大,垂直方向云粒子浓度和直径呈正相关关系,浓度极值间差7个量级,大滴粒子浓度差7个量级,降水粒子浓度差6个量级,水平方向云粒子浓度和直径分布不均匀,呈反相关关系。冷锋云系中部,云微物理参数垂直分布不均匀,在2500～3600m和4000m以上高度层出现云粒子峰值,且云粒子浓度和直径呈反相关关系,云滴粒子浓度极值间差6个量级,大滴粒子浓度差7个量级,降水粒子浓度差5个量级,水平方向云粒子分布不均匀,云粒子浓度和直径呈反相关关系。冷锋云系前部,云粒子谱在4800m高度谱型为单峰谱,4200m高度谱型多峰分布,3600m高度谱型为双峰谱。云降水粒子谱三高度层谱型差异不大,4800m高度谱型为单调递减谱,峰值在小粒子端（≤100μm）,4200m和3600m高度谱型相似,为双峰谱,峰值分别在≤小于100μm和230μm处。降水粒子谱三高度层谱型相似,都为单峰谱,峰值相差不大。冷锋云系中部,云粒子谱在三高度层谱型差异较大,4800m高度谱型为单峰谱,峰值在小滴端,4200m高度谱型为单峰谱,峰值在15μm处,3600m高度谱型为双峰谱,峰值分别在7μm和30μm处。云降水粒子谱三高度层谱型差异不大,4800m高度谱型为单调递减谱,峰值在小粒子端（≤100μm）,4200m和3600m高度谱型相似,为双峰谱,峰值分别在≤100μm和200μm处。降水粒子谱三高度层谱型相似,都为单峰谱,峰值相差不大。     

Depositional processes of the Zhushadong and Mantou formations (Early to Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province,China: roles of archipelago and mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sedimentation on cycle genesis during initial flooding of the North China Platform

To understand the depositional processes and environmental changes during the initial flooding of the North China Platform, this study focuses on the Lower to Middle Cambrian Zhushadong and Mantou formations in Shandong Province, China. The succession in the Jinan and Laiwu areas comprises mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposits composed of limestone, dolostone, stromatolite, thrombolite, purple and grey mudstone, and sandstone. A detailed sedimentary facies analysis of seven well‐exposed sections suggests that five facies associations are the result of an intercalation of carbonate and siliciclastic depositional environments, including local alluvial fans, shallowing‐upward carbonate–siliciclastic peritidal cycles, oolite dominant shoals, shoreface and lagoonal environments. These facies associations successively show a transition from an initially inundated tide‐dominated carbonate platform to a wave‐dominated shallow marine environment. In particular, the peritidal sediments were deposited during a large number of depositional cycles. These sediments consist of lime mudstone, dolomite, stromatolite and purple and grey mudstones. These shallowing‐upward cycles generally resulted from carbonate production in response to an increase of accommodation during rising sea‐level. The carbonate production was, however, interrupted by frequent siliciclastic input from the adjacent emergent archipelago. The depositional cycles thus formed under the influence of both autogenetic changes, including sediment supply from the archipelago, and allogenic control of relative sea‐level rise in the carbonate factory. A low‐relief archipelago with an active tidal regime allowed the development of tide‐dominated siliciclastic and carbonate environments on the vast platform. Siliciclastic input to these tidal environments terminated when most of the archipelago became submerged due to a rapid rise in sea‐level. This study provides insights on how a vast Cambrian carbonate platform maintained synchronous sedimentation under a tidal regime, forming distinct cycles of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics as the system kept up with rising relative sea‐level during the early stage of basin development in the North China Platform.     

基于混合像元分解提取多种类覆盖区遥感蚀变信息 ——以甘肃省岷县寨上金矿区为例

在多种类覆盖区,由于植被、河道、阴影、第四系等干扰因素影响,难于客观有效提取与成矿有关的遥感蚀变信息。应用混合像元分解的方法技术可以区分出混合像元中各类干扰信息的反射率值及其所占丰度值,从混合像元光谱中减去各干扰因素的反射率值及其所占份额,可以获取土壤或岩石的反射率值及其所占丰度值,将土壤或岩石反射率值除以其所占的份额...     

Hybrid Sedimentation in Late Permian-Early Triassic in Western Sichuan Basin,China

Mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentation is common in the Upper Permian-Lower Tri-assic in the western Sichuan(四川) basin.The extensional movement was strong in the Late Permian,resulting in differential uplifting of fault blocks.During this period,there was an extensive retrogres-sion.The Kangdian(康滇) ancient land progressive uplifted and enlarged,forming the major prove-nance of terrigenous clastics.In Changxingian age,mixed terrigenous-carbonate sedimentation was dis-tributed in the area between Dafeis...     

民勤大气边界层特征与沙尘天气的气候学关系研究

 为了更好地理解西北干旱区大气混合层(ML)厚度的变化特征及其对当地沙尘气候形成的影响, 利用民勤2006—2008年3—6月逐日08时和20时探空资料、降水和日最高气温,计算和分析了最大混合层厚度、逆温层特征和垂直风场及其对沙尘气候形成的影响。结果表明,民勤沙尘天气的大气边界层有显著的昼夜变化,白天厚、逆温强而多;沙尘天气的最大混合层厚度在2 600 m左右,介于无降水与有降水天气之间;扬沙主要由锋面中的冷空气引起,而沙尘暴主要由低层风场的剧烈扰动和500 m以上高层冷锋入侵引起。沙尘暴发生前近地面风场有明显的扰动,沙尘暴发生时在500 hPa以下有显著的冷空气活动,白天较强。能见度小于100 m的强沙尘暴夜间风速大,冷空气较强。     

Illite/smectite transformation in detrital glaucony during burial diagenesis of sandstone: A study from Siri Canyon – Danish North Sea

Detrital glaucony in the Palaeogene glauconitic sandstones in Siri Canyon, Danish North Sea, has been analysed from 15 exploration wells by X‐ray diffraction, electron microprobe and scanning electron microscopy. These sandstones consist of mixed‐layer illite/smectite and have a large variability in chemical composition and structure. In the most shallow wells (ca 1700 m), the glaucony is rich in Fe and consists of mixed‐layer illite/smectite with random‐interstratification (R = 0). In the depth interval from 1700 to 2000 m, the composition changes as Si is incorporated. The structure changes to ordered R = 1. Further increase in burial leads to the loss of Fe. Ordered R = 3 mixed‐layer illite/smectite is recognized from burial depths of 2200 m. The proportion of illite in illite/smectite mixed layers increases only slightly with depth and temperature. Although the structural changes generally are associated with chemical changes, they can also take place isochemically when the detrital glaucony is tightly embedded in earlier cement, which prevented chemical exchange. The glaucony transformation in the Siri Canyon sandstones partly reflects a supply of Si and partly significant loss of Fe. Thus, the glaucony transformation relates to the general diagenesis of the host sandstone. These sandstones are cemented by microquartz at an early stage, followed by precipitation of Fe‐rich grain‐coating berthierine or chlorite.     

柴达木盆地北缘下干柴沟组下段湖相混合沉积发育特征及其对储层的影响

柴达木盆地北缘的古近系下干柴沟组下段是油气勘探的重要目标,查明该区储层发育的控制因素是深入勘探的重要基础。根据岩屑录井、普通薄片以及铸体薄片等资料对该区冷湖七号和南八仙构造的储层特征进行了对比分析。研究表明,该区大量发育陆源碎屑-碳酸盐的混合沉积,但是由于水体咸度的不同:在冷湖七号的滨浅湖混积岩中碳酸盐和硬石膏含量较高,颗粒主要为基底式胶结;而南八仙构造地处辫状河三角洲前缘相带,因河流的稀释作用,混积岩中硬石膏含量很少,颗粒为孔隙式－基底式钙质胶结,原生孔喉较为发育,有利于后期酸性流体的溶蚀改造。两种类型混积岩的初始孔隙度以及孔喉演化模式的不同,是最终引起两个地区含油气丰度巨大差异的一个原因。