面向矿山型的测绘专业人才培养模式的研究

主要探讨在新时期条件下面向矿山类测绘专业人才培养模式的研究,通过合理设置课程、加强实践教学,科研促进教学等方面工作来建立面向矿山型的测绘专业人才培养模式,探索具有特色的应用型人才培养模式。     

磁测资料处理新方法及在危机矿山挖潜中的应用

研究了危机矿山深部找矿的高精度磁测资料处理解释新方法技术:基于三度体数值积分法的三维可视化精细反演, 小波分析方法提取深部弱磁信号,起伏地形下高精度磁测资料快速化平处理的等效偶层法,以及旧资料换算为并与新资料对比的综合处理解释等方法.将这些新方法运用于大冶铁矿危机矿山的深部找矿,获得明显的地质效果.2005年根据解释结果在15线布置的钻孔打到了26.65 m厚的磁铁矿体,说明在危机矿山进一步挖潜中,新方法技术的运用是十分必要的.     

Geochemical signatures and mechanisms of trace elements dispersion in the area of the Vale das Gatas mine (Northern Portugal)

A geochemical survey involving the collection and analysis of 170 stream sediment samples was carried out in Vale das Gatas area in order to delineate geochemical signatures and to detect pollution hazards due to mining.Factor analysis applied to the data showed that the most important variables accounting for the first factor are Ag, Pb, Bi, As, W, Cd, Zn and Cu. These variables represent the most significant metalliferous elements of the original paragenesis, which still maintain a close relationship in the secondary geological environment. The spatial distribution of the factor scores referred to factor 1 indicates that positive scores occur predominantly in the Vale das Gatas and Sabrosa streams and in the main Pinhão river. The results also show that the Vale das Gatas mine is the most important contamination source in the Vale das Gatas district.In order to study the dispersion, transfer and uptake mechanisms of trace elements from the Vale das Gatas mine, additional sample media were collected, i.e., stream sediments, tailings, coatings, waters (surficial and mine waters) and specific biological species. Four sample stations were selected, namely two in connection with abandoned adits of the Vale das Gatas mine, one located in the Vale das Gatas stream and one located in the Pinhão River. The results show that chemical reactions of leaching and precipitation took place controlling the heavy metals in areas near the Vale das Gatas mine.At the same time, positive anomalous patterns are visible along the Pinhão river for about 20 km. The mineralogical composition of the stream sediments suggests that processes of mechanical dispersion also interfere in the secondary distribution of the metalliferous elements in that media.     

基于风险分析的商业性找矿预测新方法与应用

基于风险分析的商业性找矿预测新方法主要限于针对矿山深部和外围找矿预测与风险投资中的商业性矿产勘探。从风险分析和经济地质学角度对以往研究成果进行系统总结,认为成矿成晕模式与地质地球化学找矿预测系统、构造地球化学方法、矿体探采对比、广度搜索选优评价(矿点与异常成矿概率法)、深度解剖评价与定量预测等技术方法在金属矿山(床)找矿预测中应用前景广阔,矿物地球化学、岩相学亚相-微相填编图等新预测方法完善后可广泛推广应用。基于风险分析的商业性找矿预测方法技术不断发展,有助于满足境外矿产勘查迅猛发展和矿业权交易量增加的商业性矿产勘查新局势需求,推动矿产勘查和开发项目现代管理水平的提升。     

手持GPS技术在莱芜市露天矿山监管中的应用

主要介绍了国土资源"一张图"系统手持GPS移动监管平台的构成与建立等内容,阐述了手持GPS技术在露天矿山边界范围监管中的应用及与传统方法比较所具备的优势,手持GPS技术在今后的国土资源露天矿山监管中将会得到普及应用。     

基于精密探测的金属矿山采空区群稳定性分析

采空区群的稳定性分析是一个复杂的地质问题,而在区域内存在一种群效应。准确地掌握采空区群的三维形态和空间的相对位置是进行稳定性分析的前提。以石人沟铁矿为背景,利用空区探测系统（CMS）对采空区进行了精密探测,并对探测数据进行处理和转换,在此基础上,应用3Dmine建立了采空区群的三维空间模型,经过进一步处理实现了与FLAC3D的耦合,建立了三维数值计算模型。根据计算结果对采空区群区域的应力场、位移场进行了分析,对群区域内的群效应进行了阐述。在此基础上对群区域地表位移进行了分析,确定了地表最大位移面积和采空区水平面积的比值。研究结果表明,区域内的群效应使应力和位移较单个采空区时都有了较大增加,且增加幅度并不是单纯的叠加,这种效应加剧了采空区的危险等级,将CMS、3Dmine和FLAC3D三者的优势结合起来,为采空区群得稳定性分析提供了一个准确而有效的途径。     

Emplaced Geotechnical Characteristics of Hydraulic Fills in a Number of Australian Mines

Hydraulic fills used in Australian mines have similar grain size distributions whilst having quite different specific gravity values, typically in the range of 2.7–4.4. When produced and distributed in slurry at 65–75% by solid content, they settle to produce fills with similar geotechnical characteristics. The fills under investigation have been found to settle, in the laboratory, to a dry density of about 0.56 × specific gravity, a saturation water content of about 17–34%, and a porosity of 37–49%. A quick estimate of the optimum water content that gives the minimum porosity may be obtained by locating the intersection of the saturation curve and minimum porosity line, which may simply be done on a water content vs. porosity plot. However, transportability of the slurry requires it to be mixed at water content substantially greater than the optimum water content. As the tailings settle out of suspension, they settle to relative density of 50–80%. This paper shows that the current empirical relationships relating relative density and N-value to friction angle for sands will significantly underestimate the friction angle of the hydraulic fills. Based on limited experimental data, a unique relationship between relative density and friction angle is proposed for hydraulic fills placed in some Australian mines.     

论热源、水源、矿(铀)源三源成矿问题——以中国东南部中新生代火山—岩浆活动区古水热系统排泄区(减压区)铀成矿模式为例

根据中国东南部地质、地热背景及与地下热水、铀矿化的关系,用热源、水源、矿源三源成矿的观点,提出并论证了中国东南部中新生代火山—岩浆活动区古水热系统排泄区(减压区)铀成矿模式。     

深井底板突水组合灰色物元判别系统及应用

深井底板突水预测是一个复杂的理论与技术问题,具有模糊性、灰色性和不相容性的特点。建立了深井底板突水的主控指标体系,通过灰色关联分析得到主控因素,应用熵值调整法确定了各主控因素在突水过程中的贡献权重。根据灰色物元分析理论,分别建立了线性灰色物元判别模型和最优灰色物元判别模型,采用VB6.0开发了深井底板突水组合灰色物元判别系统。该系统两种模块的并列运行和相互验证提高了判别结果的准确程度,使系统初步具备了受承压水威胁的深井工作面的危险度预测功能。应用该系统进行深井突水案例的模拟结果与实际情况比较吻合,这表明该系统对深井复杂条件下的矿井底板突水预测具有较好的应用价值。     

蒙阴县台上铁矿矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理

临沂市蒙阴县地处沂蒙山区,地形起伏大,山区峰高坡陡,矿产资源较丰富,近年来,受矿产开发、地下水开采、山区综合开发利用,交通与水利建设以及不利地质条件影响,局部地段地质灾害频繁发生,根据蒙阴县台上铁矿区的地质环境条件,结合矿山地质环境问题的实地调查,在综合分析的基础上进行影响评估,并有针对性地提出了恢复治理措施。