Spectral material mapping using hyperspectral imagery: a review of spectral matching and library search methods

Imaging spectroscopy is an emerging and versatile technique that finds applications in diverse fields concerned with remote identification, discrimination and mapping of materials. The large amount of spectral data produced by hyperspectral imaging necessitates the development of automated techniques that convert imagery directly into thematic maps. Spectral library search method, a method of choice for organic compound identification by the mass spectroscopy, has caught the attention of researchers as one of the appropriate methods for an efficient exploitation of high quality spectral data available from the hyperspectral imaging systems. Given the apparent increase in the number of papers appearing on the subject as well as the variety of methods proposed, it is reasonable to say that the field of automated interpretation of reflectance spectral data has passed its infancy now gaining important space in the scientific community. We present an overall view of the literature relevant to the development of library search method, the various search algorithms and systems available in the purview for developing an automated hyperspectral data analysis system for material identification.     

Characterizing wetland dynamics: a post-classification change detection analysis of the East Kolkata Wetlands using open source satellite data

The East Kolkata Wetlands is a unique resource recovery system. The Ramsar Convention recognized it as a ‘Wetland of International Importance’ in August 2002. However, the long-term resource exploitation and land use changes in the dynamic ecosystem have resulted in non-linear environmental responses. This is an attempt using open source remote sensing datasets to capture the spatio-temporal transformation of the wetland resulting from various anthropogenic activities. Landsat MSS and TM imageries of 1973, 1980, 1989, 2001 and 2010 were classified using Maximum Likelihood Classifier to monitor the wetland change; however, to study wetland dynamics, the post-classification wetland change detection maps have been generated for two temporal phases, i.e. 1973–1989 and 1989–2010. This study finds that the area under wetlands has reduced comprehensively in the past 40 years due to the conversion of wetlands into various other uses such as urban expansion of the Kolkata metropolitan city.     

基于Geoserver和Leaflet的地理信息服务构建与调用

GIS是地理信息服务的有效工具和手段。本文基于开源GIS软件Geoserver和Leaflet,首先,介绍了它们的特点和优势,阐述了地理信息服务的规范;然后,提出了构建与调用地理信息服务的体系框架,研究了服务构建和调用等关键技术;最后,基于烟台市地图数据进行实验,取得了满意的效果。     

基于钻孔数据的三维地质建模与可视化研究

三维地质模型能够完整准确地表达复杂地质现象的边界条件及地质体内含的各种地质构造,直观地再现地质单元的空间展布及其相互关系,最大限度地提高地质分析的直观性和准确性,因此三维地质建模已引起地质、采矿、岩土工程等诸多领域的日益重视。笔者在综合考察多种建模方法的基础上,结合工程实践,提出了一种实用的工程地质三维建模实施方法。该方法以钻孔资料和地质剖面数据为三维地质建模的源数据,允许用户手工修正模型剖面地层分界线,从而实现对建模过程的干预和控制,克服了单纯依靠钻孔数据建模结果不精确且难以修正的问题。最后,通过一个研究实例展示了该方法的实际建模效果。     

海图出版数据更新技术研究

本文在分析了海图更新源数据和我国海图出版数据特点的基础上,深入研究了利用海图更新源数据实现海图出版数据在服务器端交互式更新和在客户端自动更新的关键技术,并具体探讨了在MicroStation V8系统平台下,通过二次开发的途径实现海图出版数据更新的思路与方法。     

POS数据的上下视差误差源检测及误差补偿回归模型

分析POS数据存在系统误差的主要原因,推导基于POS的立体像对相对定向模型,建立POS系统误差回归补偿模型。三个不同比例尺测区试验数据的结果表明：POS系统提供的外方位元素中角元素误差是引起模型上下视差的主要误差源;利用回归补偿模型对POS数据进行改正后模型上下视差明显减小;在无需区域网平差的情况下,直接通过相对定向消除POS系统误差,定位精度有较大提高,从而证明该补偿模型的正确性与可行性。     

大气点源扩散模型的GIS可视化研究

本文针对目前城市环境中大气污染扩散的可视化研究中存在的主要问题,利用大气点源扩散模型和GIS技术相集成的方法对点源污染扩散的可视化问题进行了探索。在研究中,首先在总体上介绍了点源扩散模型和GIS技术的集成框架,然后描述了大气点源扩散模型可视化实现的方法和过程,并给出了典型条件下的可视化结果图,它能够更加直观地表达大气点源扩散的动态可视化效果。     

基于开源平台构建WebGIS应用系统

本文介绍了开源GIS平台Geoserver及开源客户端OpenLayers,在此基础之上架构了一个三层B/S结构的WebGlS的应用系统,分析了各层的基本功能;对WebGIS系统的GIS服务器配置、空间数据库创建、客户端实现过程中涉及的部分关键技术及解决方法进行了详细的阐述.实验结果表明,基于开源GIS平台可以开发低成...     

长江黄河源区高寒草甸退化研究进展

长江黄河源区内高寒草甸退化是当前研究的热点问题之一。但多数研究中涉及的源区范围、高寒草甸的分类、高寒草甸的退化原因及恢复治理措施等方面,各学者的看法并不相同,难以实现各项研究结果的比较研究。从源区范围、高寒草甸的分类、高寒草甸的退化原因及恢复治理措施等方面阐述了各学者研究的差异,指出:长江黄河源区高寒草甸的进一步深入研究有必要对源区的范围进行界定;高寒草甸的分类常常因研究目的不同而有所差异,以退化程度进行的分类能够反映高寒草甸的动态变化过程,但需要定量指标对退化的不同程度进行界定;遥感影像解译的结果由于遥感影像本身的不确定性和主观因素的影响而难以统一;退化的原因目前主要集中于自然因素和人为因素两方面的研究,针对这些因素采取的控制措施在局部区域取得了一定效果,但并没有抑制高寒草甸在总体上的进一步退化,寻找一种综合的有效的治理措施还是今后的研究目标。     

Evaluating urban public facilities of Shenzhen by application of open source data

Abstract

This article applies open source data of public facilities through data mining, not only to evaluate the public facilities from an objective dimension, but also to reflect the sensory opinions of the group factually, eventually realizing the evaluation measurement of urban public facilities. The research takes Shenzhen city as an empirical case and chooses typical public facilities to mine data, resolve address and weight to explore the application of public facilities evaluation under dimension reduction of open source data. The empirical study consists of three parts. First, as the objective evaluation, we estimate the density distribution and per capita of public facility through data mining and address resolution. Second, as the subjective evaluation, we carry on the location analysis to high-score public facility through attention and satisfaction data of Internet evaluation. Finally, as mentioned above, we calculate the weight of objective and subjective evaluation of public facility, eventually formatting the comprehensive evaluation of public facilities.