Research Progress on Electrical Properties and Conductivity Measurement Technology of Ice Core

Ice core is an important object of the global climate change research, and can extract paleoclimate information by physical and chemical methods. As one of the major physical analysis technology, conductivity measurement technology mainly contains two methods and has been applied to many drilling project. The technology reflects the ice core electrical properties influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, impurities and changes, and the cause of these changes can be explained from the aspects of macroscopic and microscopic. What obtained from measurement can be used to the research of dating, volcanic events, accumulation rate, biomass burning, ion concentration recovery, which systematically help us to understand the quaternary evolution of Antarctic climate since late pleistocene. This paper summarized in detail the main research achievements on electrical properties and dielectric measurement technology of ice core, and also discussed the prospect of the technology in China deep ice core project further.     

基于烃汞测量和矿山三维模型的找矿预测——以河南灵宝市杨砦峪金矿为例

杨砦峪金矿是典型的石英脉型金矿。本文在分析杨砦峪金矿烃类组分异常场特征和矿山三维模型特征的基础上,总结了其找矿评价标准和成矿地质要素,并对其进行了深部找矿预测,结果发现,烃气测量和矿山三围模型的预测结果具有较好的吻合性,该金矿8~10线的730中段深部还具有较大的找矿潜力。     

基于误差理论的产状测量精度评定

以边坡为研究对象,针对基于罗盘、免棱镜全站仪、激光测距仪、三维激光扫描仪和数字摄影测量工作站的5种产状测量方法,采用误差理论进行产状测量精度评定。研究表明,罗盘产状测量的倾向、倾角中误差分别为±4°和±3°,其精度评定既可以提高对罗盘产状测量精度的认识,也可为其他4种非接触类产状测量方法的精度评定提供验算数据。利用罗盘只能进行高陡边坡下部结构面的产状测量,测量范围有限且高耗低效;非接触类产状测量方法则可以解决人员难以到达的高陡边坡上部结构面的产状测量问题。其中,三维激光扫描和数字近景摄影测量方法可以获取边坡岩体大量随机结构面上的产状信息,为基于随机动力学的边坡稳定性评价提供重要的基础数据。     

Field Studies of Dynamic Compaction on Marine Deposits

Marine deposit ground usually need significant improvement before the construction of civil structures in coastal areas due to the poor mechanical properties of soils. Dynamic compaction (DC) is a widely used technique in such projects. In this study, a case history of DC tests in sandy soils with a weak embedded layer is introduced. Two series of DC tests—single point tests and impact zone tests—were applied to test zones with similar geological conditions to investigate the effect of energy level on the depth of improvement (DI). The highest energy used is up to 15000 kN · m. Field measurements were conduct before and after DC in each series to validate the effectiveness of improvement, including crater settlement, excessive pore pressure, and acceleration measurement for single point tests, and the pressure meter and CPT tests for impact zone tests. For single point tests, the effectiveness of improvement increases as the energy level increases to 12000 kN · m. Further increase of compaction energy does not have an effect on settlement, pore pressure, or ground acceleration. For impact zone tests, the energy level does not show a positive correlation with the DI, mainly due to the presence of an embedded weak layer.     

Uncertainty Analysis of Wind-Wave Predictions in Lake Michigan

With all the improvement in wave and hydrodynamics numerical models, the question rises in our mind that how the accuracy of the forcing functions and their input can affect the results. In this paper, a commonly used numerical third-generation wave model, SWAN is applied to predict waves in Lake Michigan. Wind data are analyzed to determine wind variation frequency over Lake Michigan. Wave predictions uncertainty due to wind local effects are compared during a period where wind has a fairly constant speed and direction over the northern and southern basins. The study shows that despite model calibration in Lake Michigan area, the model deficiency arises from ignoring wind effects in small scales. Wave prediction also emphasizes that small scale turbulence in meteorological forces can increase prediction errors by 38%. Wave frequency and coherence analysis show that both models can predict the wave variation time scale with the same accuracy. Insufficient number of meteorological stations can result in neglecting local wind effects and discrepancies in current predictions. The uncertainty of wave numerical models due to input uncertainties and model principals should be taken into account for design risk factors.     

Historical change and future scenarios of sea level rise in Macau and adjacent waters

Against a background of climate change, Macau is very exposed to sea level rise(SLR) because of its low elevation,small size, and ongoing land reclamation. Therefore, we evaluate sea level changes in Macau, both historical and, especially,possible future scenarios, aiming to provide knowledge and a framework to help accommodate and protect against future SLR. Sea level in Macau is now rising at an accelerated rate: 1.35 mm yr-1over 1925–2010 and jumping to 4.2 mm yr-1over 1970–2010, which outpaces the rise in global mean sea level. In addition, vertical land movement in Macau contributes little to local sea level change. In the future, the rate of SLR in Macau will be about 20% higher than the global average, as a consequence of a greater local warming tendency and strengthened northward winds. Specifically, the sea level is projected to rise 8–12, 22–51 and 35–118 cm by 2020, 2060 and 2100, respectively, depending on the emissions scenario and climate sensitivity. Under the +8.5 W m-2Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP8.5) scenario the increase in sea level by2100 will reach 65–118 cm—double that under RCP2.6. Moreover, the SLR will accelerate under RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, while remaining at a moderate and steady rate under RCP4.5 and RCP2.6. The key source of uncertainty stems from the emissions scenario and climate sensitivity, among which the discrepancies in SLR are small during the first half of the 21 st century but begin to diverge thereafter.     

提高无定向导线可靠性的新方法

当在孤立点间进行控制点加密时可选择布设成无定向导线。无定向导线的粗差主要来源于孤立点的粗差、观测量的粗差和计算的粗差。孤立点粗差或计算粗差会在全长相对闭合差中表现出来,但若因孤立点本身有粗差而不加检核地被利用则会浪费大量的时间和人力,影响工程进度,即便孤立点和计算没有粗差,且相对闭合差在允许范围内,还是会出现观测量含有粗差的情况。目前,测绘专业对提高孤立点的可靠性都未提出实质性的解决方案,提高无定向导线观测量和计算的可靠性不够全面或工作量较大。本文提出通过增设"通视点"的方法,只需在增加较小工作量的情况下提高无定向导线粗差所有主要来源的可靠性,具有较大的实用价值。     

无人机机载SAR在地理国情监测中的应用研究

在我国,由于特殊的地理位置和气候条件使得局部地区获取数据较为困难,导致在地理国情监测中利用传统光学成像监测手段获取数据难以满足监测需求。随着无人机机载微型化合成孔径雷达高分辨率对地观测成像技术的不断发展,使得全天时、全天候航空遥感监测成为可能。本文通过对无人机机载合成孔径雷达监测系统集成构建,利用该套系统高分辨率微波成像,验证了其在地理国情监测应用中的适用性。为无人机机载SAR技术在地理国情监测中的应用提供了新的解决手段。     

SGBM算法与BM算法分析研究

立体影像匹配是双目立体视觉测量中的关键环节,直接决定重建质量和效率,具有重要研究价值。本文着重对比分析半全局匹配(SGBM)、BM两种匹配算法,分别对Tsukuba、Satellite model等标准立体图对进行匹配实验,分析算法的匹配速度、匹配效果,总结算法的性能及其特点。     

浅论航空摄影测量中利用CORS测量像片控制点

利用CORS进行像片控制测量,与传统像片控制测量方法比较,有效地提高了像片控制测量的精度、效率,节约了测量成本,本文以大庆油田地区航空摄影测量项目为例,介绍采用CORS系统进行像片控制测量的方法及精度分析。