激光雷达(LiDAR):获取高精度古地震探槽信息的一种新技术

激光雷达技术是近几十年新发展起来的一种测量技术,已被广泛应用于工程测量、文物保护及地形测量等方面,近几年来活动构造的研究中也已逐步引入。作为活动构造研究的最基础的古地震研究一直还采用传统的地质素描技术进行探槽信息获取,数码照相技术的引入虽然解决了一些问题,但由于照相技术本身的限制,很难克服获取信息的变形和扭曲。激光雷达扫描系统的高信息量、高精度、便捷、安全和易操作等性能,为古地震研究开辟了获取数据信息的新手段和新技术。     

基于ASD地物光谱仪的两种天空光测量方法比较分析

基于AsD地物光谱仪最常用的两种天空光测量方法--标准灰板反演测量法和直接测量法同时观测广州市天空光辐亮度,采用灰色系统理论进行了两种测量结果的灰关联系数计算;分别对两种测量方法获取的辐亮度值进行直接比较和两种测量结果的灰关联系数定量比较分析.结果表明:标准板反演的天空光和不同方位、不同观测天顶角的天空光的灰关联系数有...     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Boundary Control and Legal Priniciples . Curtis M. Brown , Walter G. Robillard and Donald A. Wilson . Lost Initiatives: Canada's Forest Industries, Forest Policy, and Forest Conservation . R. Peter Gillis and Thomas R. Roach . The Navajo Atlas: Resources, People, and History of the Dine Bikeyah . James M. Goodman . The City and the Sign . M. Gottdiener AND Alexandros Ph . Lagopoulos , EDS. The Comfortable House: North American Suburban Architecture 1890–1930 . Alan Gowans . Arabic-Islamic Cities. Building and Planning Principles . Besim Salim Hakim . Contemporary Climatology . Ann Henderson -Sellers and Peter J. Robinson . A Trace of Desert Waters . Samuel G. Houghton . Geography, Resources and Environment. Vol. 1: Selected Writings of Gilbert F. White. Vol. 2: Themes from the Work of Gilbert F. White . Robert W. Kates AND Ian Burton , ED. Spatial Dimensions of Unemployment and Underemployment (A Case Study of Rural Punjab) . Gopal Krishan . Maps of the Holy Land: Cartobibliography of Printed Maps, 1475–1900 . Compiled by Eran Laor , assisted by Shoshana Klein . The Geography of Third World Cities . Stella Lowder . A Perspective on U.S. Farm Problems and Agricultural Policy . Lance Mc Kinzie , Timothy G. Baker AND Wallace E. Tyner . Soil Erosion and Its Control. R.P.C . Morgan , ED Geopolitics . Patrick O'Sullivan . Landscape, Meanings and Values . Edmund C. Penning -Rowsell AND David Lowenthal , EDS.     

水准测量野外数据处理采用手机取代PC1500的研究

通过易县地震台水准数据处理手机程序的设计,研究了用手机取代PC1500的可行性。结果表明,用手机取代PC1500,进行水准数据的存储计算是完全可行的。     

Traveling wavefront ray tracing and its applications

The current discussion of whether marine geodesy is something entirely new or part of oceanography or geodesy can be clarified by re‐examining our notions about the basic business of geodesy. This paper contends that the same basic geodetic services, which were needed for millenia to chart and control new territory, are being adapted now to the marine environment to suit modern accuracy standards. In a brief historical review it is shown that conceptually, the oceanic regions were always an integral part of geodetic concern. The oceans were certainly part of the world for the ancient map makers and for Pythagoras’ spherical earth model. Notions connected with the marine geoid were implied in ancient speculations. Distances and directions at sea, even depths, were determined to meet the requirements of the times. With the modern sophistication in geodetic theory and measuring techniques, these ideas became more refined and demanding in turn, but they were there all the time. For obvious reasons, land geodesy developed faster; marine geodesy will catch up now, because only now there is the technical capability and also an urgent economic motivation.     

预测矿井涌水量的计算级别与精度评述

根据水利部2005年发布的《建设项目水资源论证导则（试行）》技术文件中的有关规定与要求,参照《供水水文地质勘察规范》以及《固体矿产资源/储量分类,》认为地下水可开采量与预测矿井涌水量的计算可按勘查研究程度,将其可分为A、B、C、D、E等5个精度等级。参照各级别的允许误差,论证了目前矿井涌水量预测计算公式及方法的可靠程度。     

“陆态网络”Ⅱ期西部绝对重力测定结果分析

介绍了2013~2014中国大陆构造环境监测网络的基本情况及西部地区绝对重力观测的情况,并对观测结果进行分析。结果表明,成果稳定性良好,89.5%的成果观测精度优于±5.00μGal,能够满足"陆态网络"的技术要求。     

最优非负变权组合模型在卫星钟差预报中的应用

针对单一卫星钟差预报模型自身存在的缺陷,提出基于二次多项式、灰色GM（1,1）和ARIMA等三种单一模型的最优非负变权组合预报模型。通过与各单一模型和经典权组合模型进行对比分析表明,该模型预报残差RMS值最小,精度更高,能够根据各模型预报效果赋予不同的权值,在一定程度上综合了多种单一模型的优点,可降低预报风险,提高模型预报的可靠性。     

应用壤中气汞量测量找金的效果——以湖南青京寨、三德堂金矿为例

湖南青京寨和三德堂分别为破碎带蚀变岩型，残积红土型金矿床。地表存在较厚的残（坡）积覆盖层，应用壤中气汞量测量法寻找隐伏含Au构造蚀变带及金矿体。区内气汞异常带及其峰值与隐伏含Au构造蚀变带及金矿体具有较好的对应性，利用这种对应性并结合区内地质，地球化学特征，施工适当的工程进行验证。在青京寨对6条气汞异常带进行工程揭露验证，各带均发现含Au蚀变带。三德常矿区圈定的金异异常与气汞异常基本一致。壤中气汞量测量法不仅适有于寻找中代温热液型金矿床，而且也适于寻找刚化残积型金矿床。     

应用GPS观测青藏高原东北缘应力场变化

采用各向同性弹性地球模型推导了地面位移场速率与地壳内任意点应力场变化的边界积分关系,同时利用青藏高原东北缘1999～2001年观测的GPS资料对观测区地壳深度为5 km和25 km的主应力和最大剪应力进行了计算分析.结果表明,青藏高原东北缘的主应力变化主要集中在祁连山断裂、海原断裂等,在1920～1954年间历史上发生过多次震级为7.0～8.5级强震的断裂附近,并具有主应力变化沿断层走向分布、最大剪应力沿断层走向交替变化等特征.