High Pressure-Differential Thermal Analysis and Ultrasonic Wave Amplitude Analysis of Ice-Water Equilibrium at 1.5-5.0GPa

Water is the most active component in all geological systems.It has an important effect on the physical properties of minerals and melts.It also plays a key role in the evolution of the Earth.Accurate thermodynamics data on water are currently confined to pressures below 1.0GPa and temperatures below 900℃.Presented in this paper are new data available on the P-T properties of water at pressures up to 5.0GPa,develoged from differential thermal analysis and ultrasonic wave amplitude analysis.It has been found that there may exist another ternary point at 3.0GPa and that ultrasonic wave amplitude change of ice-water transition shows two inflection points above 2.0GPa, consistent with the two peaks of differential thermal curves above 2.0GPa .It may be a new phenomenon which needs further study.     

ADVANCES IN MEASURING TECHNIQUES OF BED LOAD

I.m~UCrIONBedloadisthesedimentwhichmovesalongtheriverbedintheformofrolling,slidingandsaltation.BedloadmaycreatemanyproblemsintheoperationandmaintenanceofnavigationchannelandinthedevelOPmentofhydroelectricity.Dataofbedloaddischargearealsorequiredinthedesignofreservoir,inwhichtheinflowbedloadareallactuallytrapped.Thewaysofbedloadmotionaredifferentfordifferentsizes.Thus,itisextremelydifficulttodeterminethebedloaddischargeaccurately.Manyequationshavebeenproposedtocalculatethebedloaddischarge.H…     

Quantitative Tectonic Markers of Large Coastal Earthquakes in Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and Hainan——with a Discussion of Qualitative Indicators

This paper expounds the quantitative tectonic indicators and some qualitative indicators of large earthquakes in the coast areas of Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan and Hainan. The main quantitative indicators include uplift amplitude of the Moho, Quaternary and Late Holocene coasts. The paper also gives a brief account of the research method on quantitative indicators of surface uplifted zones. Taiwan is a famous neotectonic zone and an area of large earthquakes in the world. There is only one large-earthquake area in each of Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. Along the coast large earthquake areas there are certainly many remains of crustal activity. Among these remains, coast activity, taking the sea level as the accurate marker horizon, can determine not only the amplitude of coastal elevation and subsidence in a certain period, but also the cycle and rate of positive or negative movements.     

氡射气测量在西安地裂缝勘察中的应用研究

为了避免大量开挖揭露工作量, 加快地裂缝的勘察速度, 研究出一种简便易行的探测方法是目前西安地裂缝勘察中迫切需要解决的问题。本文研究了氡射气测量在西安地裂缝勘察应用的地质基础, 结合近十几年工程勘察实践, 讨论了氡射气异常的特征, 分析了氡射气的探测效果, 结果认为:氡射气测量在西安地裂缝探测中的有效率为:８０％左右。     

山西地堑系的最新水平运动

利用山西断裂带布设的GPS监测网的6期复测资料(1996—2001),分析了山西断陷带的水平运动特征。结果表明,整体呈现逆时针的差异活动,主压应力场的方位角为72°,断裂两侧不存在明显的走滑运动。2001年的运动显示,代县附近是差异活动的分界区段。     

A new method of testing pile using dynamic P-S-curve made by amplitude of wave train

A new method of detecting the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile with high strain is discussed in this paper. A heavy hammer or a small type of rocket is used to strike the pile top and the detectors are used to record vibration graphs. An expression of higher degree of strain (deformation force) is introduced. It is testified theoretically that the displacement, velocity and acceleration cannot be obtained by simple integral acceleration and differential velocity when long displacement and high strain exist, namely when the pile phase generates a whole slip relative to the soil body. That is to say that there are non-linear relations between them. It is educed accordingly that the force P and displacement S are calculated from the amplitude of wave train and (dynamic) P-S curve is drew so as to determine the yield points. Further, a method of determining the vertical bearing capacity for single-pile is discussed. A static load test is utilized to check the result of dynamic test and determine the correlative constants of dynamic-static P(Q)-S curve. Foundation item: Key projects of the tenth Five-year Plan of Yunnan Province (documented Yunnan district [2002]54-02-02) and Geophysical Society of Yunnan Province.     

Measurement of the spatial distribution of fluvial bedload transport velocity in both sand and gravel

Maps are presented of the spatial distribution of two‐dimensional bedload transport velocity vectors. Bedload velocity data were collected using the bottom tracking feature of an acoustic Doppler current pro?ler (aDcp) in both a gravel‐bed reach and a sand‐bed reach of Fraser River, British Columbia. Block‐averaged bedload velocity vectors, and bedload velocity vectors interpolated onto a uniform grid, revealed coherent patterns in the bedload velocity distribution. Concurrent Helley‐Smith bedload sampling in the sand‐bed reach corroborated the trends observed in the bedload velocity map. Contemporaneous 2D vector maps of near‐bed water velocity (velocity in bins centered between 25 cm and 50 cm from the bottom) and depth‐averaged water velocity were also generated from the aDcp data. Using a vector correlation coef?cient, which is independent of the choice of coordinate system, the bedload velocity distribution was signi?cantly correlated to the near‐bed and depth‐averaged water velocity distributions. The bedload velocity distribution also compared favorably with variations in depth and estimates of the spatial distribution of shear stress. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparative study on the illite crystallinity and the clay mineral reflectance spectral index for subdividing the very low-grade metamorphic belt along the Lizhou-Hekou geological section in the Youjiang sedimentary basin, Guangxi, China

To examine the application potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques in classifying very low-grade metamorphic belts, the composition of clay minerals and the cyrstallinity of illite from mudstones were measured using XRD and VIS-SWIR (400-2500 nm) reflectance spectroscopy. Based on the illite cyrstallinity, Kubler Index (KI), the Early Triassic LuoLou Group and the Middle Triassic lower Baifeng Formation were classified as the lower Epizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.22 to 0.25, the upper Baifeng Formation as upper anchizone with KI△2θ°ranging from 0.26 to 0.33, and the Hekou Formation as lower anchizone with KI△2θ° ranging from 0.38 to 0.40. According to a KI△2θ° value of 0.43, it is possible that there may exist a local diagenetic zone in the upper strata. The illite cyrstallinity Kubler index and the metamorphic grade increase from the bottom to the top of the stratigraphic sequence. The metamorphic grade boundaries nearly match the stratigraphic boundaries, indicating a burial metamorphism nature for the stratigraphic sequence. From the bottom to the top of the sequence, the spectral absorption band center of clay minerals from fresh rocks is around 2200 nm. The absorption band centers change towards shorter wavelengths: the Luolou Group being at 2220 nm, the Baifeng Formation at 2217-2213 nm, the lower member of the Hekou Formation at 2214-2206 nm, and the upper member of the Hekou Formation at 2205-2197 nm. The spectral absorption band center of illite shows the same change pattern. These results indicate that very low-grade metamorphic belts can be subdivided using spectral indices of clay minerals, which are measured by using field portable spectroradiometers. However, it may not work well with satellite and airborne sensors.     

TRMM卫星微波成像仪分级产品及其反演降水算法

文章叙述了获取定量降水信息的意义，简要介绍了对热带测雨卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)的仪器、美国国家宇航局提供的微波成像仪TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)分级产品。对比了物理方法和经验方法反演降水的特点，并对一些经验方法以及倾斜对流系统对反演降水的影响、动态聚类分析、神经网络反演方法的研究成果进行了介绍。     

测试超细煤粉粒度的实验研究

利用激光粒度仪测试超细煤粉的粒度。对测试超细煤粉试样粒度时的试样浓度、测试温度、分散时间、分散剂的种类及浓度等方面的影响进行了实验研究，给出了激光粒度仪测试超细煤粉粒度的最佳实验条件。