Application of Microbial BOD Sensors in Marine Monitoring

A strain of yeast, which can endure high osmotic pressure, is employed for the sensitive material of the microbial BOD sensor. Two immobilization methods are used, I.e. Calcium alginate gel be ads and PV A gel beads. The results show that the PVA gel beads is better. The influences of osmosis and heavy metal ions on the yeast entrapped in the PVA gel beads are also studied in the experiment.     

Fast static correction methods for high-frequency multichannel marine seismic reflection data: A high-resolution seismic study of channel-levee systems on the Bengal Fan

Very high-frequency marine multichannel seismic reflection data generated by small-volume air- or waterguns allow detailed, high-resolution studies of sedimentary structures of the order of one to few metres wavelength. The high-frequency content, however, requires (1) a very exact knowledge of the source and receiver positions, and (2) the development of data processing methods which take this exact geometry into account. Static corrections are crucial for the quality of very high-frequency stacked data because static shifts caused by variations of the source and streamer depths are of the order of half to one dominant wavelength, so that they can lead to destructive interference during stacking of CDP sorted traces. As common surface-consistent residual static correction methods developed for land seismic data require fixed shot and receiver locations two simple and fast techniques have been developed for marine seismic data with moving sources and receivers to correct such static shifts. The first method – called CDP static correction method – is based on a simultaneous recording of Parasound sediment echosounder and multichannel seismic reflection data. It compares the depth information derived from the first arrivals of both data sets to calculate static correction time shifts for each seismic channel relative to the Parasound water depths. The second method – called average static correction method – utilises the fact that the streamer depth is mainly controlled by bird units, which keep the streamer in a predefined depth at certain increments but do not prevent the streamer from being slightly buoyant in-between. In case of calm weather conditions these streamer bendings mainly contribute to the overall static time shifts, whereas depth variations of the source are negligible. Hence, mean static correction time shifts are calculated for each channel by averaging the depth values determined at each geophone group position for several subsequent shots. Application of both methods to data of a high-resolution seismic survey of channel-levee systems on the Bengal Fan shows that the quality of the stacked section can be improved significantly compared to stacking results achieved without preceding static corrections. The optimised records show sedimentary features in great detail, that are not visible without static corrections. Limitations only result from the sea floor topography. The CDP static correction method generally provides more coherent reflections than the average static correction method but can only be applied in areas with rather flat sea floor, where no diffraction hyperbolae occur. In contrast, the average static correction method can also be used in regions with rough morphology, but the coherency of reflections is slightly reduced compared to the results of the CDP static correction method.     

1999年以来台湾及邻近海域7.5级以上强震前的条带现象

中国台湾地区地处欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块之间,地震活动频繁．本文报道了 我国台湾地区及其邻近海域1985～2002年间5．5级以上地震的条带内外频度比分 布,并着重研究了1999—2002年中发生的3次7．5级以上地震前的条带现象．其结 果表明:台湾地区近期发生的3次7．5级以上大地震前,5．5级以上地震呈条带分 布．这些条带符合条带内地震个数Nin≥6的条件,符合条带内、外频度比Nin／(Nin Nout)≥75％的条件,也符合条带长宽比大于5的要求,只是与板内地震条带相比,条 带的长度较短．     

氮磷营养盐与有机汞联合作用对微氏海链藻生长的影响

探讨在高营养盐（氮、磷、硅分别为浮游植物生长的营养盐阚值≥40、50、9倍）条件下，氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比值[n（N）／n（P）]变化、汞（甲基汞和乙基汞）对微氏海链藻（Thalassiosira weissflogii）生长的影响。结果表明，高营养盐区海链藻的生长遵循营养盐限制的唯一因子论；氮浓度和氮磷比提高促进生长，当n（N）／n（P）=64则呈抑制效应；生长初期，甲基汞和乙基汞均产生毒性抑制作用，生长中后期，适量甲基汞（浓度≤1．0μg／L）、乙基汞（浓度≤0．5μg／L）却呈兴奋效应，促进生长；汞形态不同，剂量-效应关系不同。氮和有机汞是海链藻生长的刺激因子。适度有机汞污染与氮富营养化对微氏海链藻的生长产生协同效应。     

光照强度对海洋微藻脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成影响的研究

近年来，海洋微藻脂肪酸组成的研究及其应用越来越受到国内外科学家的重视。高度不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)，特别是长链的n-3 PUFA，如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对海洋动物和人类都具有营养学和医学上的价值。在海洋微藻的培养过程中，光照强度是海洋微藻生长的条件之一，光线的明与暗，光度的强与弱，不仅对微藻的生长速率、产量有影响，而且对其脂肪含量和脂肪酸的组成也有影响(Teshima et al.，1983；Thompson et al.，1990； Renaud et al., 1991)。 作者在以往研究的基础上，选择了3种有代表性的海洋微藻：(1)小球藻Chlorella sp-2(李荷芳等，1999)，此藻脂肪酸中EPA含量高、且不含DHA；(2)球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)，该藻DHA含量较高，但几乎不含EPA；(3)前沟藻(Amphidinium sp.)的EPA、DHA含量均高。将以上3种微藻作为原料，在不同的光照强度下进行培养，测定并分析藻体中的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的变化，从而了解光强对海洋微藻脂肪含量及其脂肪酸组成的影响。     

海洋环境预报电视节目制作与回顾

作为海洋环境预报公益服务的窗口自开播至今,经历了20年的风风雨雨,海洋电视节目的内容从单一性的项目到海浪、海温、海冰、风暴潮、海水浴场综合性预报,电视视频信号从复合、分量信号到数字信号,通过光缆采用基带的方式传送视频信号到中央电视台.     

等深流沉积研究现状与展望

本文根据国内外等深流及其沉积的研究成果,概述了它们的研究进展,且详细阐述了等深流沉积特征和沉积类型,并指出等深岩丘的发现是该领域最为重要、最具特色的突出成果以及等深流沉积研究的油气勘探意义.虽然随着深海钻探计划和大洋钻探项目的开展,等深流沉积研究取得了较大进展,但现代等深流沉积和古代等深流沉积的研究在一定程度上发展尚不平衡,仍存在着较多问题,尤其是在古代等深流沉积研究方面显得更为薄弱.最为重要的是,等深流沉积的识别是该领域研究的最大难题.因此,在其未来研究上,应注意运用地震波识别、遥感等现代科技调查手段,进行多学科综合研究,尽快建立一套完善的识别标志,如沉积学标志、古生物标志等,以促使其逐渐成为海洋沉积学中一个更为完善的研究领域.     

流动注射-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定海洋沉积物样品中痕量铅

铅是一种具有累积性的有害元素,是海洋监测调查中沉积物介质的必测元素之一,常用测定方法有双硫腙分光光度法、火焰原子吸收光谱法、无火焰原子吸收光谱法等[1],前两种方法灵敏度较低,测定时一般需要预富集,操作较繁琐;后一种方法虽然灵敏度高,但仪器昂贵,对操作人员要求高.氢化物发生原子荧光法由于灵敏度高、检出限低且线性范围宽,在铅的分析中日益被重视.