甘肃灵台新近纪红粘土磁组构特征的沉积学意义

对第四纪典型风成马兰黄土、受成壤作用影响较大的第五层古土壤、新近纪红粘土、埋藏化石的红粘土围岩层的磁组构分析表明:新近纪红粘土的磁组构参数P、F值界于马兰黄土—第五层古土壤与经流水改造的化石围岩之间,L均值与风成黄土相当, Q均值接近于水成红粘土化石围岩,而在事件性沉积方面又类似于风成马兰黄土、第五层古土壤;磁组构参数F-L、P-Q组合图位于马兰黄土—第五层古土壤与经流水改造的化石围岩过渡带。反映红粘土沉积物既具有风成原地堆积物的磁组构参数特征,又有经历了后期流水改造的化石围岩的特点,是风成原地堆积与风动力搬运而来的母质颗粒经后期流水改造共同作用的产物。     

The depolarization properties of powerful extragalactic radio sources as a function of cosmic epoch

We use the observed polarization properties of a sample of 26 powerful radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars to constrain the conditions in the Faraday screens local to the sources. We adopt the cosmological redshift, low-frequency radio luminosity and physical size of the large-scale radio structures as our 'fundamental' parameters. We find no correlation of the radio spectral index with any of the fundamental parameters. The observed rotation measure is also independent of these parameters, suggesting that most of the Faraday rotation occurs in the Galactic foreground. The difference between the rotation measures of the two lobes of an individual source, as well as the dispersion of the rotation measure, shows significant correlations with the source redshift, but not with the radio luminosity or source size. This is evidence that the small-scale structure observed in the rotation measure is caused by a Faraday screen local to the sources. The observed asymmetries between the lobes of our sources show no significant trends with each other or other source properties. Finally, we show that the commonly used model for the depolarization of synchrotron radio emission by foreground Faraday screens is inconsistent with our observations. We apply alternative models to our data and show that they require a strong increase of the dispersion of the rotation measure inside the Faraday screens with cosmological redshift. Correcting our observations with these models for redshift effects, we find a strong correlation of the depolarization measure with redshift and a significantly weaker correlation with radio luminosity. We do not find any (anti-)correlation of depolarization measure with source size. All our results are consistent with a decrease in the order of the magnetic field structure of the Faraday screen local to the sources for increasing cosmological redshift.     

Impact of the Vertical Velocity Field on Charging Processes and Charge Separation in a Simulated Thunderstorm

A three-dimensional(3D) charging-discharging cloud resolution model was used to investigate the impact of the vertical velocity field on the charging processes and the formation of charge structure in a strong thunderstorm. The distribution and evolution of ice particle content and charges on ice particles were analyzed in different vertical velocity fields. The results show that the ice particles in the vertical velocity range from 1 to 5 m s-1obtained the most charge through charging processes during the lifetime of the thunderstorm. The magnitude of the charges could reach 1014 n C. Before the beginning of lightning activity,the charges produced in updraft region 2(updraft speed 13 m s-1) and updraft region 1(updraft speed between 5 and 13 m s-1) were relatively significant. The magnitudes of charge reached 1013 n C, which clearly impacted upon the early lightning activity. The vertical velocity conditions in the quasi-steady region(updraft speed between –1 and 1 m s-1) were the most conducive for charge separation on ice particles on different scales. Accordingly, a net charge structure always appeared in the quasi-steady and adjacent regions. Based on the results, a conceptual model of ice particle charging, charge separation, and charge structure formation in the flow field was constructed. The model helps to explain observations of the"lightning hole" phenomenon.     

Geophysical Evidence of a Relict Oceanic Crust in the Southwestern Scotia Sea

The southwestern part of the Scotia Sea, at the corner of the Shackleton Fracture Zone with the South Scotia Ridge has been investigated, combining marine magnetic profiles, multichannel seismic reflection data, and satellite-derived gravity anomaly data. From the integrated analysis of data, we identified the presence of the oldest part of the crust in this sector, which tentative age is older than anomaly C10 (28.7 Ma). The area is surrounded by structural features clearly imaged by seismic data, which correspond to gravity lows in the satellite-derived map, and presents a rhomboid-shaped geometry. Along its southern boundary, structural features related to convergence and possible incipient subduction beneath the continental South Scotia Ridge have been evidenced from the seismic profile. We interpret this area, now located at the edge of the south-western Scotia Sea, as a relict of ocean-like crust formed during an earlier, possibly diffuse and disorganized episode of spreading at the first onset of the Drake Passage opening. The successive episode of organized seafloor spreading responsible for the opening of the Drake Passage that definitively separated southern South America from the Antarctic Peninsula, instigated ridge-push forces that can account for the subduction-related structures found along the western part of the South Scotia Ridge. This seafloor accretion phase occurred from 27 to about 10 Ma, when spreading stopped in the western Scotia Sea Ridge, as resulted from the identification of the marine magnetic anomalies.     

南海西北部16 kaBP以来沉积物的环境磁学特征及其物源指示意义

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,对东亚季风和全球气候变化具有敏感的响应,然而目前对南海沉积物的物源分析仍存在众多争议。对南海琼东南盆地SCS-02孔的沉积物样品进行了系统的磁学分析,旨在通过环境磁学参数追踪沉积物的来源。结果表明,SCS-02岩芯的磁性矿物主要为磁铁矿和赤铁矿。自16 kaBP以来,磁性矿物的粒径和成分发生了系统变化,指示了沉积物源-汇过程的改变。15.5～16 kaBP期间,磁化率较高,粒径较粗,矫顽力也较高。海平面比现今低100多米,莺歌海出露于海平面以上,古红河口距研究区较近,红河的物质可以较容易到达沉积区,因此该时期红河贡献较大,珠江和台湾贡献较小。7.5～15.5 kaBP期间,随着海平面的迅速上升,磁性矿物组成和粒度发生了变化,总的磁性矿物含量减少,磁铁矿的含量逐渐增加,粒度变细,表明随着海平面的升高,珠江和台湾的贡献有所增加。7.5 kaBP以来,现代的海陆格局基本形成,磁性矿物组成和粒度变化较稳定,沉积物主要来源于红河和珠江。因此,环境磁学参数可以指示南海西北部沉积物的源-汇变化,为海平面变化和气候演化研究提供有效参考。     

关于西沙海槽正磁异常带的地球物理认识

南海北部西沙海槽存在东西向正磁异常带,长约350 km,前人推测为基性或超基性物质反磁化的反映.通过对西沙海槽大比例尺高精度航磁资料分带化极处理和反演拟合,发现西沙海槽正磁异常带由海槽北缘隐伏强磁性体斜磁化引起.磁性体埋深超过9 km,推测是残留洋壳（蛇绿岩）,为海南岛昌江—琼海断裂带或海南岛九所—陵水断裂带所代表的缝合带在南海北部的延伸段.     

基于动态增强磁共振的T1WI定量灌注参数伪彩图在导管源性乳腺癌中的诊断价值

目的:探讨基于动态增强的MR T1WI定量灌注参数伪彩图对导管源性乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法:16例女性手术前行双侧乳腺动态高分辨对比增强MR成像(DCE-MRI),绘制时间-信号强度曲线(TIC),基于乳腺动态增强磁共振的数据资料,通过灌注软件获得五种灌注伪彩图,分别为Wash-in、Wash-out、TTP、MIPt及PEI。选取病变的中央(1个)边缘(2个)及对侧相应部位正常乳腺组织(1个)为感兴趣区域,测得其各种灌注参数值,并研究探讨导管源性乳腺癌的灌注特点。结果:16例女性患者经病理学证实为13例浸润性导管癌、3例导管内癌。16个病灶中13例呈非肿块样强化,其中线状/导管样强化7例,斑片样强化5例,斑点状强化1例,另有3例为肿块样强化。16例患者TIC曲线均显示为Ⅱ型。Wash-in、Wash-out、TTP、MIPt及PEI五种灌注参数图的阳性发现分别为13个、10个、9个、15个、16个病灶,检出率分别为81.25%、62.50%、56.25%、93.75%、100%。对各组灌注参数值进行统计学分析,得出导管源性乳腺癌与对侧相应部位正常乳腺组织之间各参数值具有显著性差异(P<0.001);除TTP图参数外,病灶周边及病变中心各组参数值对比在统计学上亦具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。13例浸润性导管癌及3例导管内癌两种疾病的各种灌注参数值对比显示无统计学意义。结论:基于乳腺动态高分辨对比增强的T1WI定量灌注参数图对导管源性乳腺癌的检出率高,可为其诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要的补充信息。     

利用GRACE、GPS和绝对重力数据监测斯堪的纳维亚陆地水储量变化

重力卫星GRACE(gravity recovery and climate experiment)监测斯堪的纳维亚半岛陆地水储量变化会受到冰川均衡调整(GIA)信号的严重影响。首先根据该地区绝对重力和GPS并址观测数据计算了GIA重力和垂直位移的实测线性比值,利用该比值和GPS网观测的垂直位移速度场得到了GIA重力。然后,对GRACE观测的重力变化速率进行GIA重力改正,进而可分离陆地水储量变化趋势,避免了使用GIA模型所带来的巨大不确定性,并根据观测数据完整估计了所得结果的不确定性。最后与水文模型作对比分析。结果表明,实测的GIA重力-垂直位移线性比值为0.148±0.020μGal/mm(1Gal=10-2 m/s2),该结果检验了Wahr的理论近似值且与北美实测的结果非常接近。2003年1月至2011年3月期间,斯堪的纳维亚半岛陆地水储量存在明显的增加趋势,信号的主体位于半岛南端的维纳恩湖附近,总的水量增加速率为4.6±2.1km3/a,数据观测期间的累积增加水量为38±17km3。研究结果与WGHM水文模型的结果有较好的一致性,相关系数达到0.69,而与GLDAS水文模型的相关性略小。     

卫星地面站雷电直击效应防护设计探讨

卫星地面站雷电防护工程通常采用接闪杆作为天线主体的雷电直击效应防护措施,接闪杆的高度不仅影响其保护范围,而且影响其截闪概率。通过计算年预计雷击次数对截闪概率进行量化分析,结果表明,截闪概率近似与接闪杆高度平方成正比,采用过高的接闪杆将增大地面站遭受雷击电磁脉冲损坏的风险。为优化接闪杆设计,定义了保护体积的概念,并利用折线法与滚球法分别计算了三维立体空间内的保护范围。结果表明:接闪杆的保护范围与高度呈现非线性相关,当接闪杆超过一定高度(折线法超过30m,滚球法超过0.8倍滚球半径)后,对保护范围的影响十分有限;当接闪杆高度低于0.4倍滚球半径时,滚球法保护范围较大,反之则折线法保护范围较大。对接闪杆接闪瞬间周边的磁场强度分析结果表明,无屏蔽环境下地面站电子系统与接闪杆的常规距离远小于两者的理论安全距离,实际工程中难以通过增大接闪杆与卫星地面站的间距消除雷击电磁脉冲危害。为降低这一风险,卫星地面站直击雷防护应优先采用天线自带接闪杆的方式,条件不具备时也应尽量避免采用单支高大接闪杆,可选取适当的计算方法,采用多支较低接闪杆共同防护的方案。