大气影响下膨胀土包边路堤变形性状研究

在中膨胀土包边试验路堤上开挖形成试坑和试样,采用浸水与非浸水两种方式,模拟大气影响下包边路堤土的状态,通过现场直剪试验、载荷试验和室内膨胀率试验,获得路堤土强度与变形性能的对比参数。基于此建立考虑大气影响的路堤模型,利用平面应变有限元方法,计算与分析路面因路基土湿化膨胀和行车荷载作用所产生的不均匀变形,将其与容许值比较后,评价路面结构破坏的可能性,为中膨胀土路堤填筑方案设计提供依据与参考。     

A Reliability Based Expert System for Assessment and Mitigation of Landslides Hazard Under Seismic Loading

Different models were developed for evaluating the probabilistic three-dimensional (3-D) stability analysis of earth slopes and embankments under earthquake loading using both the safety factor and the displacement criteria of slope failure.The probabilistic models evaluate the probability of failure under seismic loading considering the different sources of uncertainties involved in the problem. The models also take into consideration the spatial variabilities and correlations of soil properties. The developed models are incorporated in a computer program PTDDSSA.These analysis/design procedures are incorporated within a code named SARETL developed in this study for stability analysis and remediation of earthquake triggered landslides. In addition to the dynamic inertia forces, the system takes into consideration local site effects.The code is capable of assessing the landslide hazard affecting major transportation routes in the event of earthquakes and preparing earthquake induced landslide hazard maps (i.e., maps showing expected displacements and probability of slope/embankments failure) for different earthquake magnitudes and environmental conditions. It can also beused for proposing a mitigation strategy against landslides.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of bimodal volcanism in the Sakoli Mobile Belt, Central Indian shield

The Sakoli Mobile Belt comprises bimodal volcanic rocks that include metabasalt, rhyolite, tuffs, and epiclastic rocks with metapelites, quartzite, arkose, conglomerate, and banded iron formation (BIF). Mafic volcanic rocks are tholeiitic to quartz‐tholeiitic with normative quartz and hypersthene. SiO₂ shows a large compositional gap between the basic and acidic volcanics, depicting their bimodal nature. Both the volcanics have distinct geochemical trends but display some similarity in terms of enriched light rare earth element–large ion lithophile element characteristics with positive anomalies for U, Pb, and Th and distinct negative anomalies for Nb, P, and Ti. These characteristics are typical of continental rift volcanism. Both the volcanic rocks show strong negative Sr and Eu anomalies indicating fractionation of plagioclases and K‐feldspars, respectively. The high Fe/Mg ratios for the basic rocks indicate their evolved nature. Whole rock Sm–Nd isochrons for the acidic volcanic rocks indicate an age of crystallization for these volcanic rocks at about 1675 ± 180 Ma (initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.51017 ± 0.00017, mean square weighted deviate [MSWD] = 1.6). The εNd_t (t = 2000 Ma) varies between ?0.19 and +2.22 for the basic volcanic rock and between ?2.85 and ?4.29 for the acidic volcanic rocks. Depleted mantle model ages vary from 2000 to 2275 Ma for the basic and from 2426 to 2777 Ma for the acidic volcanic rocks, respectively. These model ages indicate that protoliths for the acidic volcanic rocks probably had a much longer crustal residence time. Predominantly basaltic magma erupted during the deposition of the Dhabetekri Formation and part of it pooled at crustal or shallower subcrustal levels that probably triggered partial melting to generate the acidic magma. The influence of basic magma on the genesis of acidic magma is indicated by the higher Ni and Cr abundance at the observed silica levels of the acidic magma. A subsequent pulse of basic magma, which became crustally contaminated, erupted as minor component along with the dominantly acidic volcanics during the deposition of the Bhiwapur Formation.     

非海相沉积层序的成因和构型特征

根据东部盆地的地质、地球物理特征,初步对非海相层序地层学应用研究进行了总结.非海相沉积层序的形成要素,既有外旋回、又有自旋回,构造和气候因素很重要,强调了环境因素.沉积基准面在海上为海平面,在陆上为潜水面、湖平面、河流平衡剖面.相对基准面的周期性变化引起了可容纳空间的周期性变化,并由之形成了一系列旋回式的层序.大多数情况下内陆基准面的变化不受海平面变化的控制,在全球最大海泛期有某种联系.湖盆小而沉积速率高,形成层序的频率高于海相.以沾化凹陷为依据,提出了5种层序构型特征:冲积-河湖型,(半)盐湖-淡水湖泊过渡型,海流-深湖型,半深湖-缓坡型,河流-冲积平原型.在盆地主要发育期,断阶式坡折对沉积体系有明显的控制作用.除低水位扇外,低水位楔是构成隐蔽圈闭或复合圈闭的有利场所。     

基于频率差异的多次波识别

从简化的海洋地震勘探的基本模型出发,根据一次波和多次波的传播所经介质品质因子的不同,通过理论分析和数值实验证明了随着传播时间的增加,一次波的主频可明显低于同一时间段的海水鸣震主频;提出了将多次波的传播时间和相应主频结合起来判别多次波的"时间-频率识别模式"。实际资料的处理实验表明:与传统的"时间识别模式"相比,基于"时间-频率识别模式"的多次波衰减,可在压制多次波的同时较好地保持有效信号的基本特征。     

Decoupling of stalagmite-derived Asian summer monsoon records from North Atlantic temperature change during marine oxygen isotope stage 5d

The Asian monsoon is an important component of the global climate system. Seasonal variations in wind, rainfall, and temperature associated with the Asian monsoon systems affect a vast expanse of tropical and subtropical Asia. Speleothem-derived summer monsoon variation in East Asia was previously found to be closely associated with millennial-scale change in temperature in the North Atlantic region between 75 and 10 ka. New evidence recovered from East Asia, however, suggests that the teleconnection between summer monsoon in East Asia and temperature change in the North Atlantic region may have significantly reduced during 120 to ~ 110 ka, a period directly after the full last interglaciation and corresponding roughly to marine oxygen isotope stage 5d. This reduction may be due to the low ice volume in the North Hemisphere at that time, which makes the millennial-scale change in temperature in the North Atlantic region less effective in influencing the Asian summer monsoon. This is important for investigating the mechanisms controlling the Asian summer monsoon and the paleoclimatic teleconnection between East Asia and the North Atlantic region, and for predicting monsoon-associated precipitation in East Asia under a global-warming trend.     

一种两步抗差估计的设计及其解算

抗差估计的关键是选择适当的权函数和合理的调制因子,针对这两个重要问题,在研究当前调制因子取值方法的基础之上,提出了可动性调制因子这一新概念,并基于可动性调制因子、IGG方案权函数,设计了两步抗差估计。两步抗差估计解决了抗差估计中传统的调制因子、方差因子、初值三者取值时存在的一系列问题,尤其当三者取值不能协调配制时出现的秩亏问题,从而使抗差估计方法更具有实际意义和广泛意义。     

遥感地表温度降尺度方法比较————性能对比及适应性评价

在归纳现有遥感地表温度降尺度方法的基础上, 选取3种代表性方法:Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)、Pixel Block Intensity Modulation (PBIM)和Linear Spectral Mixture Model (LSMM)方法进行实验比较, 并建立了一种纹理相似性度量指标CO-RMSE (Co-Occurrence Root Mean Square Error)。结果表明:(1)NDVI方法受季节影响最严重, 不适于春、冬季, 其次为PBIM方法;(2)LSMM方法受分辨率限制最大, 低分辨率时丢失大量纹理信息, NDVI方法在较高分辨率时优于PBIM方法, 较低分辨率时则相反;(3)3种方法的适用区域分别为植被与裸土像元并存区域, 山区和反照率变化较大区域, 以及类别间温差较大区域;(4)NDVI方法操作最简单, LSMM方法最复杂。分析认为, 尺度因子是决定方法性能的关键, 应根据季节、分辨率、地表覆盖、应用目的和操作性等综合选择。     

内蒙古武川县常福龙沟金矿成矿地质条件及控矿因素

常福龙沟金矿区赋存于大青山三套含金建造中的渣尔泰山群中.受控于大青山深大断裂及相关的次级北东、北西和近东西断裂.大青山断裂早期以韧性剪切带为特征,晚期演化为脆性断裂和推覆构造.大青山断裂及其次级断裂的交汇处为成矿提供了运输通道和容矿空间,矿体就产于该部位.岩浆活动为成矿提供了热能和部分成矿物质.笔者在本文中论述了该矿的成矿地质条件和控矿因素,并提出了矿区外围找矿标志和找矿方向.     

石家庄近地表降尘重金属的分布特征及来源分析

系统采集了石家庄市区范围近地表降尘并分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn重金属元素的含量,通过元素含量统计分析,发现它们存在较大的变异性,表明重金属含量的空间分布极不均匀。应用地统计模块中的Kriging空间插值分析方法和成图分析,可以看出市区内As、Cd、Cr、Cu呈大面积高值分布,Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn多呈点状污染分布。利用主成分因子分析和重金属元素源指示分析,认为石家庄市区近地表降尘重金属的主要贡献源以燃煤和交通为主。这为全面了解石家庄市区的空气质量状况并为该市大气环境污染治理、城市规划提供了重要依据。