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91.
Uniform models for the Earth–ionosphere cavity are considered with particular attention to the physical properties of the ionosphere for the extremely low frequency (ELF) range. Two consistent features have long been recognized for the range: the presence of two distinct altitude layers of maximum energy dissipation within the lower ionosphere, and a “knee”-like change in the vertical conductivity profile representing a transition in dominance from ion-dominated to electron-dominated conductivity. A simplified two-exponential version of the Greifinger and Greifinger (1978) technique widely used in ELF work identifies two slopes in the conductivity profile and, providing accurate results in the ELF communication band (45–75 Hz), simulates too flat a frequency dependence of the quality factor within the Schumann resonance frequency range (5–40 Hz). The problem is traced to the upward migration, with frequency increasing, of the lower dissipation layer through the “knee” region resulting in a pronounced decrease of the effective scale height for conductivity. To overcome this shortcoming of the two-exponential approximation and still retain valuable model analyticity, a more general approach (but still based on the Greifinger and Greifinger formalism) is presented in the form of a “knee” model whose predictions for the modal frequencies, the wave phase velocities and the quality factors reasonably represent observations in the Schumann resonance frequency range. 相似文献
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93.
大型维歇特地震仪自德国引进南京地震台已近70年。本文简要叙述了该仪器的性能;并以南京地震台的大型维歇特地震仪的记录为例,介绍了该仪器在300-2000km范围内的记录特征,回顾了该仪器在地震速报中所起的历史作用。 相似文献
94.
Study of the Earth’s free core nutation by tidal gravity data recorded with international superconducting gravimeters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
By stacking high-precision tidal gravity observations obtained with superconducting gravimeters at six stations in China,
Japan, Belgium, France, Germany and Finland, the local systematical discrepancies in the parameter fitting, caused by atmospheric,
oceanic tidal loading and the other local environmental perturbations, are eliminated effectively. As a result, the resonance
parameters of the Earth’s free core nutation are accurately determined. In this study, the eigenperiod of free core nutation
is given as 429.0 sidereal days, which is in agreement with those published in the previous studies. It is about 30 sidereal
days less than those calculated in theoretical models (about 460 sidereal days), which confirms the real ellipticity of the
fluid core of the Earth to be about 5% larger than the one expected in assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium. The quality
factor (Q value) of free core nutation is given as about 9543, which, compared with those determined before based on the body
tide observations, is much larger, but more close to those obtained using the VLBI observations. The complex resonance strength
is also determined as (−6.10×10−4, −0.01 ×10−4)°/h, which can principally describe the deformation characteristics of an anelastic mantle. 相似文献
95.
山东月湖的沉积物分布特征及搬运趋势 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
1998年 11~ 12月和 1999年 8~ 9月各一个月对月湖进行的野外工作 ,共取得表层沉积物样品 131个 ,应用激光粒度仪并结合传统的筛分法对这些样品进行粒度分析 ,进行矩法计算获得粒度参数。采用Gao命名方法 ,将沉积物划分出 5种主要类型。利用Gao -Collins粒径趋势分析模型 ,计算该区沉积物粒径趋势所显示的沉积物净搬运方向 ,结果表明 ,沉积物从四周向湖中心搬运 ,同时显示湾顶的西部和北部、涨潮三角洲以及湖心等地貌单元是沉积的优势区域。 相似文献
96.
The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction
carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting
structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater
table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a
three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county’s groundwater flow through finite-difference
method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition.
Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated.
Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The
results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14xl08 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water
by 0.29x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the
water by 0.29 x 108m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion
that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table. 相似文献
97.
This is the second part of a contribution to the debate on the possibilities of leveraging economic globalisation — through incorporation in international production networks and global commodity chains (GCCs) — as a strategy for developing countries to industrialise and advance their position in the world economy. In the first part, we analysed the experience of the East Asian apparel industry and addressed the issues of sustaining positions, upgrading to more rewarding roles, and advancing to less dependent positions within production networks and GCCs. We developed an analytical framework at both the firm and industry levels, and subsequently identified alternative firm- and industry-level strategies and trajectories. The present paper deals with these issues in the context of the Singapore apparel industry. Based on extensive empirical research, we demonstrate that although the East Asian experience of upgrading and repositioning within the GCC is to some extent emulated in the case of the Singapore apparel industry, the outcomes have been less favourable in terms of the depth, extent and strength of these trajectories. The differing outcomes can be explained in terms of different (systemic) conditions in the Singapore business environment, including the agency of local players, the geography of sourcing networks, and the role of the state and prevailing business attitudes. Our conclusions merit continued attention in both research and policy circles on the development of capabilities at the firm level, and the role of local business and institutional environments in local industry development processes under globalisation. 相似文献
98.
Source scaling of intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
99.
100.