Relationship of Uncertainty and Line Segment for Between Polygon Segment Spatial Data in GIS

The mathematic theory for uncertainty model of line segment are summed up to achieve a general conception, and the line error hand model of εσ is a basic uncertainty model that can depict the line accuracy and quality efficiently while the model of εm and error entropy can be regarded as the supplement of it. The error band model will reflect and describe the influence of line uncertainty on polygon uncertainty. Therefore, the statistical characteristic of the line error is studied deeply by analyzing the probability that the line error falls into a certain range. Moreover, the theory accordance is achieved in the selecting the error buffer for line feature and the error indicator. The relationship of the accuracy of area for a polygon with the error loop for a polygon boundary is deduced and computed.     

基于GIS技术的综合水文物探数据库系统研究

利用GIS的强大空间数据架构功能，将各类水文物探数据与空间数据相关联，建立了基于GIS技术的综合水文物探系统。水文物探数据量大，而且复杂多变，本系统利用新兴的GIS技术和数据库功能对水文物探属性数据与空间数据进行有效的整合，高效地管理空间与属性数据，实现了图形编辑、空间分析、数据的查询与统计、专题图绘制、以及数值模拟等功能。利用本系统可对图形进行空间处理分析，对各类数据进行各种查询，实现图形和数据的互动，并对所获得的数据制作各种专题图，并且通过数值模拟具体、直观的再现观测实体的空间位置与相应的属性，为综合预测与评估提供科学依据。     

房产测绘平面图系统的实现研究

随着城市规划管理的不断发展．使得城市房产测绘单位采用大型空间数据库管理测绘平面图资料成为必然。通过建立房产测绘平面图系统，可以有效地解决数据标准不一致．图数不能互访，测绘各部门无法协调一致等问题，充分发挥网络功能，提升整个城市的房产管理水平．达到房产管理和房产服务一体化的目标。本文详细论述了房产测绘平面图系统的概念、设计原则和系统功能．在南京数字房产共享平台的建设中得到了实现．并取得了良好的效果。     

西藏地区旱涝等级划分及时空分布特征

利用西藏22个站点1969-1998年逐日降水资料，采用d指数旱涝等级方法。按夏季（5-9月），初夏（5-6月），盛夏（7-8月）时段进行了旱涝等级划分。采用EOF分析方法对全区22个站点旱涝等级展开分解，得出西藏地区的旱涝时空分布特征，主要类型和周期，而且对西藏地区夏季（5-9月）的旱涝做了预测。     

Labour markets in transition. The experiences of women in two border regions of East Germany

The political turning point in the former GDR and the transformation processes that have been observed since then have significantly affected economic and social structures in the new Federal States. Gender roles, however, were subjected to even more dramatic changes. Whilst many women experienced the employment policies of the GDR era as beneficial, social researchers often designate them as the losers of unification nowadays. This is largely because the abundance of State support measures for employed women and mothers has been drastically reduced and women as a group have been hit hardest by the crisis on the East German labour market. Using two cases (Mecklenburg-Westpommerania and Thuringia), this paper aims to illustrate the impact of the transformation process on the everyday (working) lives of women. We are particularly concerned with a comparative analysis of how women experience and deal with regional disparities in East Germany. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Drought in Bulgaria and atmospheric synoptic conditions over Europe

Drought in Bulgaria is analyzed from the multiple viewpoints of statistical occurrence, spatial patterns, and synoptic conditions. A new index of drought, the SD (spatial-dryness) index, characterizes drought by both intensity and spatial extent. The occurrence of the SD index is analyzed using global gridded data sets. Examination of transitional probabilities of multiple months and years with drought occurrence suggests persistence is sufficiently frequent to be important for climate-related environmental planning. Finally, it is shown that specific seasonal synoptic patterns are associated with wet and dry conditions in Bulgaria. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of azimuth and slowness of tele-seismic signals recorded by a local seismic network

Introduction The azimuth and slowness are two major features of seismic signals. The accurate estimation of them is quite important for both phase identification and event location. Generally, there are two types of seismic stations, i.e. 3-component stations (3C) and arrays. To estimate the two direc-tional parameters, the polarization analysis (Jurkevics, 1988) is commonly used for 3C stations and the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis ( f-k) (Capon, 1969; Kvaerna, Doornbos, 1986) is …     

Spatial and temporal variability of pore‐water pressures in residual soil slopes in a tropical climate

It is critical to understand and quantify the temporal and spatial variability in hillslope hydrological data in order to advance hillslope hydrological studies, evaluate distributed parameter hydrological models, analyse variability in hydrological response of slopes and design efficient field data sampling networks. The spatial and temporal variability of field‐measured pore‐water pressures in three residual soil slopes in Singapore was investigated using geostatistical methods. Parameters of the semivariograms, namely the range, sill and nugget effect, revealed interesting insights into the spatial structure of the temporal situation of pore‐water pressures in the slopes. While informative, mean estimates have been shown to be inadequate for modelling purposes, indicator semivariograms together with mean prediction by kriging provide a better form of model input. Results also indicate that significant temporal and spatial variability in pore‐water pressures exists in the slope profile and thereby induces variability in hydrological response of the slope. Spatial and temporal variability in pore‐water pressure decreases with increasing soil depth. The variability decreases during wet conditions as the slope approaches near saturation and the variability increases with high matric suction development following rainfall periods. Variability in pore‐water pressures is greatest at shallow depths and near the slope crest and is strongly influenced by the combined action of microclimate, vegetation and soil properties. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GIS支持下的山东省土壤侵蚀空间特征分析

利用遥感（RS）技术提取土壤侵蚀信息，在地理信息系统（GIS）支持下，借助数据库管理系统（DBMS），建立空间数据库和属性数据库；以县级行政区域为综合分析单元，计算土壤侵蚀强度综合评价指数并进行分级处理，对山东省土壤侵蚀空间特征进行分析。     

断裂构造的遥感研究方法综述

断裂构造是一种基本的构造型式。断裂构造遥感研究是高新探测技术与地球科学的有机结合 ,是断裂构造常规研究方法的有益补充和向纵深拓展的必然趋势。该文从总体思路、具体内容、操作方法等各个不同角度系统地论述了断裂构造遥感研究的现状和发展趋势 ,并在断裂构造信息提取、光谱特征分析、空间结构分析 (包括分形分析 )等方面提出了一些观点。