基于BP神经网络的北京夏季日最大电力负荷预测方法

利用2006~2017年北京夏季（6~8月）逐日最大电力负荷和同期气象资料,分析最大电力负荷与各种气象因子的相关性,基于BP（Back Propagation）神经网络算法,建立了两种夏季日最大电力负荷预测模型并对比。结果表明:北京夏季周末基础负荷远小于工作日,剔除时应加以区分;气象因子对气象负荷的影响具有累积效应,累积2 d时两者的相关性最强;结合实际,根据自变量的不同分别建立了两种日最大电力负荷预测模型;经实际预测检验,两种预测模型均取得了较好的预测效果,能够满足电力部门的实际需求,其中自变量中加入前一日气象负荷的模型效果更优。     

新疆农业区电力负荷与天气的关系

用2005--2006年新疆农业区电力负荷与气象资料,统计得出电力负荷的年、季变化与农事活动周期相符,电力负荷日变化的次高峰与日最高气温、最小相对湿度出现时间较一致.将逐月的日平均电力负荷及变化量分别与气压、气温、空气湿度、风速和降水量做相关分析,并将有无降雨日分段统计.结果表明,电力负荷与降水量、湿度和气温的变化关系较为密切.利用逐步回归方程将4种不同模式模拟的电力负荷进行了误差分析,发现要素差值模式的模拟效果较好,并对2007年5月的电力负荷进行了预测检验及误差分析,得出:在降雨日,用上一日负荷计划当日负荷的误差高达63.2%,而用要素差值模式预测电力负荷的误差为18.7%,月平均预测误差由前者的26.0%下降到13.4%.     

Transient response of a beam on viscoelastic foundation under an impact load during nondestructive testing

Beam responses under an impact NDT load are studied using the Fourier and Laplace transforms. Numerical computation is performed for a parametric study of beam and load parameters. It is shown that under an impact load, the time duration for displacement to vanish is ten times longer than that for velocity and acceleration. The maximum response is achieved first in acceleration, followed by velocity, and finally displacement, all of which occur before the impact load is removed. At the moment that the impact load is removed from the beam, there is a discontinuity in the velocity and acceleration responses, but not in displacement response. The effect of K and ph on beam response is much less significant than that of El and C, which have similar effect on beam response. As El increases, peak values of displacement, velocity and acceleration response decrease. The effect of K on beam response only becomes appreciable after the impact load is removed. While the peak of displacement remain almost unchanged as K increases, the displacement response decays to zero faster for large K values than for small K values.     

周期反复荷载作用下高轴压比框架柱抗震性能的试验研究

本文是关于框架柱在低周反复荷载作用下抗震性能的试验研究。根据16个“上”形试件在固定轴向荷载和水平周期反复荷载作用下的试验结果,首先讨论了影响框架柱开裂荷载的因素,接着深入分析了混凝土强度等级、轴压比、长细比、纵筋配筋率、箍筋形式及配箍特征值等因素对框架柱的延性和位移转角的影响。最后,根据本次试验结果,分析和讨论了框架柱轴压比超限问题和轴压比超限时配箍特征值的取值问题。     

Asymptotically Matched Layer (AML) for transient wave propagation in a moving frame of reference

The paper presents an Asymptotically Matched Layer (AML) formulation in a moving frame of reference for transient dynamic response of a multi-layer 2D half-space. A displacement based finite element formulation of the convected domain problem is presented together with the AML formulation in which the original convolution integrals are represented via two auxiliary displacement-like state-space variables. A parametric study of the AML parameters is conducted for optimizing the absorbing properties. The performance is demonstrated on a single- and a two-layered half-space for various velocities of an impulse Ricker load. Excellent absorbing properties are demonstrated in both half spaces.     

Experimental Study on the Cyclic Behavior of Monopiles in Fine Sandy Beds Under Regular Waves

This paper presents an experimental study on the wave-induced behavior of monopiles. Laboratory experiments were conducted at the constant initial state of the sandy beds in a wave flume with a soil trench. The responses of the pile-head displacement, the pile strain and the pore water pressure on regular waves were investigated. The experimental results show that the monopiles lean along the direction of the wave progression and the inclination increases with the duration of wave actions. The pile-head displacement (consisting of the permanent displacement and cyclic displacement) increases as the wave height increases, especially more significantly for the permanent displacement. The head-fixed pile suffers from larger wave load than that on the head-free pile under the same wave condition. Increasing pile diameter or fixing fins on the monopile is effective in reducing the pore water pressure in the upper part of the bed and the permanent displacement.     

Small- and large-scale model tests on the buckling property of slender pile

Slender piles embedded in soft ground or liquefied soil may buckle under vertical load. In this paper, both small- and large-scale model tests are conducted to investigate the buckling mechanisms of a slender pile and the lateral earth pressure acting on the pile. To observe the buckling of a slender pile, the strain-controlled loading method is adopted to apply a vertical load. When the two ends of a slender pile are hinged, the buckling mechanisms of small- and large-scale model tests are same. It should be noted that this applies only to a system with a small ratio of pile bending stiffness to soil bending stiffness. An applied vertical load increases with an increasing pile head settlement until it reaches the critical buckling load. By further increasing the pile head settlement, the measured load approaches the critical buckling load. In the large-scale model test, the measured lateral earth pressure (i.e., active and passive) acting on the slender pile varies linearly with the lateral pile displacement when the measured range is 3–5?m beneath the ground. A critical buckling calculation method has been adopted to compare with the conventional “m” method. The two-sided earth pressure calculation method can achieve more approximate results with the model test.     

地震荷载作用下兰州地铁隧道结构动力响应

根据《兰州轨道交通1号线一期工程地震安全性评价报告》所给出的100年超越概率63%、10%和2%的场地基岩地震加速度时程,利用有限差分软件进行地下隧道硐室的地震反应分析。在模型底部施加基岩地震动,设置监测点监测衬砌结构的弯矩、轴力及剪力随时间的变化过程,得到100年超越概率63%、10%及2%工况下的隧道结构地震响应。结果表明:隧道衬砌结构最大弯矩位于拱顶处,最大轴力位于拱顶和拱底处,最大剪力位于上侧壁或下侧壁处;隧道结构内力随着超越概率的降低而增大;以超越概率63%的结构最大内力为基准值,在超越概率10%和2%时,弯矩分别增大1.2和1.7倍,轴力分别增大1.3和1.5倍,剪力分别增大1.5和2.9倍,增幅最大。这可能预示着隧道结构在强地震动作用下会发生剪切破坏。     

Quasi-3D analysis: Validation by full 3D analysis and field tests on single piles and pile groups

A quasi-3D method for the analysis of single piles and pile groups is presented. The method includes an equivalent linear constitutive model for nonlinear analysis, an 8-node pile element that simulates the effects of pile volume and energy transmitting boundaries which are especially important for the analysis of high frequency loading of machine foundations. The quasi-3D formulation and equivalent linear model result in orders of magnitude decreases in computational time. The accuracy and reliability of the approximate approach was validated by comparing results with 3D analytical results from MIT and by data from field tests on single piles and pile groups from Taiwan. The computed results compared very favorably with the analytical and field test data.     

均质地基中桩-桩位移相互作用系数的有限元分析

在实际工程分析中用有限元法模拟无限域需要考虑很大一部分桩周土体来保证计算的精度,从而导致计算量的增大,同时对计算机的要求也很高。特别是对于大规模的群桩问题,有限元的计算工作量使一般的计算机无法满足其要求,这就限制了其在实际工程中的应用。本文基于叠加原理用有限元法计算桩-桩位移相互作用系数,不仅能减少群桩的计算量,又能提高计算精度。