风电场对气候变化影响研究进展

综述了国际评估风电场对局地和全球气候变化的短期和较长期的可能影响,并且将其影响与人类排放的影响作简单的对比.大量的观测和数值模拟研究表明,风电场的运行明显减小下游风速,同时随局地近地层稳定度的不同也造成下游温度明显上升或下降.一些数值模拟研究表明,如果全球建立大量大型风电场,例如假定全球使用风能占总能源10％以上,即全...     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Vanishing Farmland Crisis, Critical Views of the Movement to Preserve Agricultural Land . John Baden Protecting Farmlands . Frederick R. Steiner and John E. Theilacker Ecological Effects of Fire in South African Ecosystems . Peter de V. Booysen and Neil M. Tainton Geography in China . Wu Chuanjun , Wang Nailiang , Lin Chao and Zhao Songqiao Resource Inventory and Baseline Study Methods for Developing Countries . Francis Conant , Peter Rogers , Marion Baumgardner , Cyrus Mc Kell , Raymond Dasmann, and Priscilla Reining Principles of Remote Sensing . Paul J. Curran Famine As A Geographical Phenomenon . Bruce Currey and Graeme Hugo The Suburban Squeeze: Land Conversion and Regulation in the San Francisco Bay Area . David E. Dowall Senses of Place . John Eyles Uneven Development and the Geographical Transfer of Value . D. K. Forbes and P. J. Rimmer Issues in Wilderness Management . Michael Frome Land-use and Prehistory in South-east Spain , The London Research Series in Geography 8. Antonio Gilman and John B. Thornes with Stephen Wise Regions in Question, Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy . Charles Gore The Colorado River: Instability and Basin Management . William L. Graf Hazardous Waste Sites: The Credibility Gap . Michael R. Greenberg and Richard F. Anderson Peasants, Subsistence Ecology, and Development in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea . Lawrence S. Grossman Silver Cities: The Photography of American Urbanization, 1839-1915 Peter B. Hales Silicon Landscapes . Peter Hall and Ann Markusen Remaking Ibieca: Rural Life in Aragon under Franco . Susan F. Harding The European Energy Challenge: East and West . George W. Hoffman The Global Climate . John T. Houghton The Urban Jobless in Eastern Africa . Abel G. M. Ishumi . The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century North America . John A. Jakle City and Society: An Outline for Urban Geography . R. J. Johnston Residential Segregation, The State and Constitutional Conflict in American Urban Areas . R. J. Johnston Accessibility and Utilization: Geographical Perspectives on Health Care Delivery . Alun E. Joseph and David R. Phillips To the Heart of Asia: The Life of Sven Hedin . George Kish North American Culture , Vol 1. Ary J. Lamme III Past and Present in the Americas: A Compendium of Recent Studies . John Lynch Ethnicity in Contemporary America: A Geographical Appraisal . Jesse O. Mc Kee The Shell Countryside Book . Richard Muir and Eric Duffey 1990 Planning Conference Series. Proceedings of the National Geographic Areas Conference . Proceedings of the Regional Geographic Areas Conferences Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape . Vol. 2: Barns and Farm Structures . Allen G. Noble Bangladesh: Biography of a Muslim Nation . Charles Peter O'donnell     

大兴安岭漠河前哨林场侵入岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

前哨林场大地构造上位于大兴安岭北段额尔古纳地块北部的漠河前陆盆地边缘。本文研究了大兴安岭漠河前哨林场侵入岩的岩相学、年代学及岩石地球化学特征,探讨了研究区内侵入岩的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩形成于199.9~199.3 Ma、辉长岩形成于（201.8±2.6） Ma,即研究区内的花岗岩、辉长岩均形成于晚三叠世—早侏罗世。岩石地球化学研究表明：花岗岩的w（SiO₂）为63.22%~70.10%,w（Al₂O₃）为12.43%~14.36%,里特曼指数（σ）为0.74~1.65,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有较低的Mg^#值（平均值为39.43）,w（TFeO）为2.80%~4.41%,w（CaO）为1.47%~3.38%,轻重稀土分馏明显,富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土,δEu为0.48~0.84,富集Rb、Ta、K、La、Nd、Zr、Ti等元素,相对亏损Th、U、Sr、P、Eu等元素;辉长岩的w（SiO₂）为51.42%~51.98%,w（Al₂O₃）为17.24%~17.73%,里特曼指数（σ）为3.00~3.53,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石,具有较高的Mg^#值（平均值为51.07）,w（TFeO）为9.06%~9.14%,w（CaO）为5.81%~6.69%,重稀土分馏不明显,δEu为0.86~0.98,富集Rb、Ta、Nb、Nd等元素,相对亏损Th、U、P、Eu等元素。上述岩石地球化学特征表明,花岗岩为辉长岩结晶分异的产物,原始岩浆起源于地幔,并受地壳物质的混染改造。研究区侵入岩形成于造山阶段挤压环境,是蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲碰撞的产物。     

Numerical study of power production from tidal energy in the Khuran Channel and its feedback on background hydrodynamics

This study focuses on the development of a farm of tidal turbines in the Khuran Channel. The important factors include the location of turbines and their hydrodynamic effects on the environment. A three-dimensional circulation model for the Persian Gulf is employed for the comprehensive evaluation of the tidal energy potential throughout the study area. The model is validated by using in situ observations of water level and current data.The appropriate potential points for extracting the tidal e...     

畜禽粪便农用区土壤-小麦系统中重金属污染及迁移

畜禽粪便农用导致农产品中重金属含量超标,通过生物链传递,最终会影响人体健康。以山东禹城典型畜禽粪便农用区为例,研究了不同畜禽粪便农用区土壤—小麦系统中重金属的污染及迁移累积情况。结果显示:某些区域存在着一定的重金属污染,鸡粪农用区、猪粪农用区污染较高,综合污染指数均值分别为0.83、0.78,都达到了警戒级,其中某些点的污染指数超过了1和2,达到了轻污染或中污染级;牛粪农用区污染较轻,综合污染指数为安全级。不同畜禽粪便农用区小麦中的Cr、Ni、Cd、As均存在不同程度超标情况,其中鸡粪农用区Cr的超标率达66.67%,Ni、Pb超标率都为16.67%;牛粪农用区小麦中Cr、Ni超标,Cr超标率达91.67%;猪粪农用区小麦中只有Cr超标,超标率为41.67%。研究区小麦显示出不同的重金属富集能力,小麦对Cd、Zn、Cu几种元素的富集情况较高,而对Pb、As的富集能力则较低。除Zn外,小麦茎叶对同一种重金属的富集能力要大于小麦的种子。     

Family or Enterprise? What shapes the business structures of Australian farming?

Australian farmers navigate their contemporary circumstances through the use of different business and legal arrangements that are shaped by the commercial realities of farming and the aspirations of farm-owning households. In posing the question ‘Family or Enterprise?’, this paper examines the extent to which various household and farm business indicators are associated with different forms of farm ownership, namely sole proprietorships, partnerships, trusts and companies. Results from a postal survey of farm enterprises in Victoria, Australia suggest that both household and enterprise factors contribute to the business structure used, although the strongest determinants appear to be those factors that are less well understood in the rural geographical and sociological literature: household composition, farmer age and farm size. Greater scrutiny of the business instruments deployed by farmers to manage family and enterprise pressures should inform expectations of the fate of family farming in advanced financialised economies.     

CSAMT法在莘县马西林场地热普查中的应用研究

多源数据融合对基础地理信息在各行业的应用有着很大的促进作用,该方法弥补了测绘数据属性采集的局限性。通过“数字惠民”公共服务平台建设中对多比例尺、多格式、多专题设置的数据集成所面临的问题进行了阐述和分析,提出了数字城市公共服务平台建设中多源数据融合方法研究,并对各项关键技术进行了探讨和研究。     

Disparities and diversities among female‐headed households in rural Malawi after 20 years of economic liberalization

Using data from a survey carried out in six tobacco growing villages across Malawi in 2004–5, this paper summarizes some main differences found in subsistence production and income levels between male‐ and female‐headed households and the disparities among female‐headed households in the light of economic liberalization policies of the past two decades. The disadvantaged position of female‐headed households in terms of land and labour endowment, together with the high cost of inputs since the structural adjustment programmes and removal of subsidies since the 1980s has prevented poorer female‐headed households not only from attaining maize self‐sufficiency, but also from engaging in high‐return agriculture such as tobacco production. Although livelihood diversification is adopted by both male‐ and female‐headed households, many female‐headed households still depend on low‐entry‐barrier activities such as agricultural waged labour and are unable to break out of the poverty cycle. However, female‐headed households are a heterogeneous category and factors such as the availability of nonfarm income opportunities, social networks to access labour and capital, land acquisition through flexible applications of patrilineal inheritance rules, and the existence of formal channels for credit and informal tobacco trading have enabled some to improve agricultural productivity and achieve high incomes.     

论我国草原牧区畜牧业与乡村发展

草原牧区是我国农业生产的一个特殊区域,其地理位置和自然条件赋予它独特的资源优势。然而,严重的草原荒漠化,致使本区生态环境恶化,社会经济发展受阻。在经济全球化和人地矛盾突出的新形势下,深入探讨我国草原牧区人与自然、经济与社会协调发展途径,势在必行。基于对草原牧区功能、现状与困境分析,提出了牧区畜牧业与乡村发展须依托本地自然、人力和文化资源优势。以市场培育、管理规范、人才培养和基础设施等政府政策服务系统建设为支撑,重点发展优质绿色畜牧业和草原生态旅游业两大支柱产业,并以此带动源头与下游产业发展,从而实现牧民增收、畜牧业增效和乡村持续发展的目标。