Seasonal and ontogenetic changes in the diet of blenny Hypleurochilus fissicornis: An estuarine mariculture as a model of the reef environment

The Blenniidae family is characterised by small cryptic fish. Due to the small size of these specimens, the sampling is very difficult and information about the ecological role of these fishes is vague. However, mariculture adds reef encrusting organisms that attract blennies, which makes sampling easier. Furthermore, recognising species feeding is critical to understand biological communities. In this study, we evaluated the diet of blenny Hypleurochilus fissicornis in a mariculture, to clarify its influence on the benthic fauna and its interactions with the reef environment. We evaluated the seasonal variation (four seasons chosen by the abiotic variables) and the ontogenic changes (three classes defined by L₅₀ of the species: juvenile, transition and adult) in the diet. Hydrozoans were the main prey, but H. fissicornis fed on a variety of other benthic organisms, exhibiting opportunistic habits. The diet of H. fissicornis was complemented by Amphipods in autumn, Ostracods in winter, and bivalves in summer. Juveniles fed more on Ostracods than the other classes, while the transition class fed mainly on Hydrozoans and a variety of rare items, and adults consumed almost exclusively Hydrozoans and some Cirripedia. Therefore, we conclude that H. fissicornis is an opportunistic feeder and may influence benthic organisms. The establishment of fouling organisms on the mariculture structures allows the use of this area by the blenny, since they promote its feeding base.     

基于WRF和CFD软件结合的风能资源数值模拟试验研究

运用中尺度数值模式WRF与法国CFD软件MeteodynwT相结合的方法（WRF／WT）,进行了广东省海陵岛地区的水平分辨率100m×100m的风能资源数值模拟试验,采用海陵岛上7座测风塔观测资料对WRF／WT模式的模拟风场进行误差检验,并与WRF／WAsP模式系统对单点风能参数模拟误差进行对比,研究WRF／WT模式系统在风电场微观选址和分散式风电开发利用中应用的可行性。结果表明：中尺度模式与CFD软件结合的数值模拟方法对区域风能资源分布趋势的模拟比单纯应用CFD软件更准确;WRF／WT模式系统应用于复杂地形风能资源数值模拟评估是可行的,其对区域风能资源参数分布模拟的准确率与WRF／WAsP对2km范围内风能资源参数模拟的准确率相当;WRF／WT模式系统在风速频率分布不满足Weibull分布的情况下和陡峭地形条件下有较好的模拟效果,相对WRF／wAsP有明显优势。今后需进一步研究中尺度模式与CFD软件的衔接方法,以及对中尺度模式模拟结果的误差订正。     

倾斜摄影三维建模技术在农房补充调查中的应用——以牡丹江市林口县为例

农房补充调查工作是颁发农村不动产权证的基础.高精度、高效率的测制农房补充调查底图是快速推进农房补充调查的关键步骤.本文以项目为依托,阐述了倾斜摄影测量在林口县农房补充调查底图测制中的工作方法、技术流程,并证明倾斜摄影测量方法生产的底图精度可满足行业规范标准,为倾斜摄影三维建模技术应用于农房补充调查工作提供参考.     

Household income diversification and the production of local meat: the prospect of small-scale pig farming in Southern Yunnan, China

This paper assesses the viability of small scale, specialised livestock farming led by the local government, to alleviate rural household poverty. In so doing, it reflects upon the prospect of niche livestock farming in an age where, ironically, demand for meat is ever-rising. It also highlights the ambiguous role that local government plays in poverty alleviation. The specific case study is on the Jinuo ethnic minority in Xishuangbanna autonomous region, located in Southwestern province of Yunnan, China. It is argued that thus far the Jinuo minority have had modest success in rearing indigenous pigs due to a confluence of factors. Nonetheless, a growing market will likely result in some degree of intensification in the production process that goes beyond the means of the upland farmers but will be eagerly exploited by the local government. If the pig rearing scheme is to remain an effective income diversification strategy in select marginalised mountainous communities, the march towards commodification, expansion and intensification, as well as the unchecked ambition of the local government, have to be carefully moderated.     

A new zoogeography of domestication and agricultural planning in Southern Ghana

Animal behaviour is vital for livestock choices, but is less researched in West Africa than economic considerations. An animal geography framework is applied to the socio-economic context of livestock behaviour in coastal Ghana, assessing the shared 'actant' behaviour of people and animals, and the contribution of such a study to animal geography and agricultural knowledge. Data were gathered on cattle, sheep and goat behaviour and the impact of these on human livelihoods, perceptions and the socio-environmental context. Animal behaviour was more important in the choice of livestock species, but economic considerations were more important in the decision to acquire animals. Goats had more incidents with people in village centres than sheep and cattle. Cattle had more incidents in farmland and grassland than goats and sheep. Women and young people were more affected by livestock behaviour. These findings increase the understanding of livestock zoogeography and livelihood decisionmaking, and contribute to animal geography by documenting the relevance of individualised gender- and age-based human behaviour, as well as intra- and inter-species animal behaviour to a shared actancy perspective, and a more dynamic zoogeography.     

青藏高原风电场开发对气候变化的影响研究

利用全球大气环流模式BCC_AGCM2.0,通过青藏高原不同区域不同粗糙度的改变,模拟了青藏高原风电场开发造成的动力和热力强迫扰动对我国气候变化的影响。模拟结果表明,青藏高原热力场和动力场扰动对我国不同区域气候变化有着显著的影响,热力场的扰动会使华北地区的夏季降水明显减少,长江以南地区冬季气温降低,而动力场的扰动则会引起南方地区夏季降水增加,冬季气温明显上升。而且随着粗糙度的增大,长江以南地区冬季850 hPa水汽输送明显减小,而华北地区夏季的水汽输送也呈现出显著减少趋势。     

天山巩乃斯河源区树轮年表特征

利用树轮资料建立了天山巩乃斯河源区5个树轮采点的宽度年表,并对各采点的标准化年表进行特征分析。结果表明：巩乃斯林场5个采点年表的平均敏感度都较低,这与该区的降水丰富、土壤层较厚、坡度较小有关。阿尔先沟、东站、南站A、南站显著水平达到0.01的自相关分别达到9阶、6阶、5阶和6阶,反映该区气候对树木生长影响的＂滞后效应＂非常明显。巩乃斯林缘采点的标准化年表在5个采点中平均敏感度最高、一阶自相关最小,样本对总体的代表性、信噪比、第一主成分方差都为最高,表明该年表的质量最好。标准化年表与新源站月气象资料的相关分析发现,年表与生长季及其前期的降水呈正相关,而与夏季平均最高气温呈显著负相关关系,其相关时段也具有明显的生理学意义。巩乃斯林缘采点的标准化年表所含的气候信息最为丰富,与新源气象站上年7月至当年4月的降水相关系数达0.62,而其余4个点记录更多的记录了低频气候信息,年表经5点平滑处理后与月气象资料相关明显增大。     

Supporting Mongolian pastoralists by using GIS to identify grazing limitations and opportunities from livestock census and remote sensing data

Since 1990, Mongolia has experienced a radical change away from centralized livestock production to more traditional rangeland management practices. As the herders now have increased access to the pastures, they need to be able to evaluate the sustainable level of exploitation of the rangeland. This paper demonstrates how pertinent information on the state of the rangeland resources can be made available to herdsmen by using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The focus is on the importance of having a sound data and information framework when assessing rangeland resources. The three main requirements are: first, knowledge of the production system; second, a natural resource inventory; and third, an assessment of the natural resource exploitation. Workshops held in the field brought together herdsmen, administrators, scientists and project personnel to identify and discuss issues of range management. From topographic maps, a digital elevation model was created using GIS, which together with a recent land-cover map elaborated from a SPOT satellite image made it possible to map the important areas suitable for winter grazing. The exact locations of the family winter settlements were recorded and linked to annual livestock statistics using GIS to identify the areas being grazed and to calculate the stocking rates by household. It was shown for the administrative unit of Arbayasgalan that the ratio of stocking rates to carrying capacity exceeded one, which indicates overstocking. However, the uneven distribution of grazing pressure over the study area enabled the proposal of actions to mitigate serious overgrazing. A discussion of range management practices was facilitated by providing the herdsmen with information on the extent and location of the problem. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国畜禽养殖的空间格局与重心曲线特征分析

以中国畜禽养殖的空间格局为研究目标, 利用2007 年分县的统计数据及农业调查数据, 构建标准猪、地均猪、人均猪等指标, 使用GeoDa、ArcGIS 等软件, 借助全局和局部空间自相关分析、空间分布图系、重心曲线等方法, 对中国县域畜禽养殖空间分布规律、空间格局进行分析。主要结论:① 空间聚类趋势分析表明, 标准猪和人均猪在全国和局部聚集特征都显著, 而地均猪在全国的聚集特征不明显, 局部有聚集特征;② 虽然标准猪、地均猪和人均猪等不同的刻画方式对应着不同的分布图系、重心曲线和不同的分区方案, 但是却存在着潜在的统一分区方案。只是, 每一分区中各级别重心的归属依据与相邻级别重心的间距进行调整。由此, 中国畜禽养殖可分为畜养极疏区、稀疏区、相对稀疏区、一般稀疏区、一般区、相对密集区、密集区、高密区等8 个区;③ 存在着一条畜禽养殖疏密分界线, 该线自内蒙古新巴尔虎左右旗交界处到海南省东方市西海岸。