基于面向对象数据模型的地理实体距离度量关系分析方法

距离度量关系分析是GIS空间分析的重要组成部分。本文在传统的距离度量分析方法数学描述基础上,引入面向对象数据模型,将地理实体抽象为空间对象,用空间对象代替几何元素,给出了基于面向对象数据模型的地理实体距离度量关系分析方法的数学描述以及算法的实现过程。     

附不等式约束平差的一种简单迭代算法

基于最优化计算理论中罚函数方法及传统测量平差中零权和无限权的思想,提出一种有效的迭代算法,算法过程与经典平差计算方法相同.数值实验表明,该算法简单、可行,并且具有很快的收敛速度.作者还将该模型用在大坝变形分析中,根据地形对控制点建立不等式约束,能够探测到更真实的点位位移,较之无约束平差更合理可靠.     

ALOS卫星PRISM影像严格几何模型的构建与验证

根据ALOS卫星全色遥感立体测绘仪（PRISM）传感器的成像原理,利用卫星影像的辅助数据文件构建无需地面点的严格几何模型。试验发现,直接利用星上提供的轨道姿态数据和严格几何模型进行无控制定位精度较差,经分析发现ALOS卫星辅助数据文件中提供的CCD侧视角可能存在固定的系统误差,经校正后能使定位精度得到显著提高,达到ALOS卫星标称的几何定位精度。不同景影像定位精度的差异可能的原因是CCD侧视角的细微变化。     

石漠化遥感评价因子提取研究

通过地面光谱试验,验证了植被指数和线性光谱分解方法提取石漠化遥感评价因子的有效性,并基于光谱吸收特征发展了石漠化综合指数(karst rocky desertification synthesis indices,KRDSI).结果表明,植被指数能够比较有效地提取绿色植被盖度,土壤背景对基于植被指数的喀斯特地区绿色植被...     

平面直角坐标系间相似变换的外推精度估算

本文介绍了相似变换和一元线性回归分析原理,用一元线性回归模型对不同平面直角坐标系之间相似变换的外推精度进行了估算.用实例验证了估算的精度,在实际应用中具有很好的现实意义.     

线状目标地图空间信息定量度量方法研究综述

地图信息的定量度量是地图制图学领域中的一个重要问题,也是评价制图质量、地图综合算法以及实现空间信息有效传输的基础.它不仅有助于理解空间信息的特征,而且对有效地利用空间信息也是十分重要的.本文回顾了国内外相关研究成果,指出现有研究中存在的主要问题和不足,围绕地图信息度量,从地图空间信息复杂性的角度和地图目标空间分布的角度...     

磁层顶日下点距离R0与磁暴Dst指数的相关性

利用2004—2006年ACE、WIND卫星观测的太阳风数据和相应时期反映磁暴大小的〖WTB1X〗D〖WTB1〗st指数,针对200个不同级别的磁暴事件,分析了磁层顶日下点距离〖WTB1X〗R0与磁暴D〖WTB1〗st指数的线性相关性。分析显示,在极端太阳风条件下,〖WTB1X〗D〖WTB1〗st指数时间序列比借助于Chao Model计算出的磁层顶日下点距离〖WTB1X〗R〖WTB1〗0的时间序列延迟了约3 h。经修正时间延迟后,对磁层顶日下点距离〖WTB1X〗R0与磁暴D〖WTB1〗st指数的线性相关性进行分析。结果表明:发生超级磁暴时,二者线性相关系数的均值为077;大磁暴时,线性相关系数的均值为074;中等磁暴时,线性相关系数的均值为047。此外,用最小二乘数据拟合得到了不同级别磁暴时的〖WTB1X〗R0 D〖WTB1〗st关系图。     

Adsorption Kinetic Modeling of Safranin onto Rice Husk Biomatrix Using Pseudo‐first‐ and Pseudo‐second‐order Kinetic Models: Comparison of Linear and Non‐linear Methods

Batch kinetic studies were carried out for the removal of safranin from aqueous solution using a biomatrix prepared from rice husk. The adsorption kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equations. The linear and non‐linear forms of these two widely used kinetic models were compared in this study. In order to determine the best‐fitting equation, the coefficient of determination (r²), the sum of the squares of the errors (SSE), sum of the absolute errors (SAE), average relative error (ARE), hybrid fractional error function (HYBRID), Marquardt's percent standard deviation (MPSD), and the Chi‐squared test (χ²) were used as error analysis methods. Results showed that the non‐linear forms of pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models were more suitable than the linear forms for fitting the experimental data. Non‐linear method is thus more appropriate for estimating the kinetic parameters and should primarily be used to describe adsorption kinetics.     

Modeling and Validating Long‐Term Dynamics of Diel Dissolved Oxygen with Particular Reference to pH in a Temperate Shallow Lake (Turkey)

Long‐term monitoring of changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is of great importance to quantifying aquatic ecosystem metabolism, particularly for lakes under the changing global environment. During 173 days, diel DO cycles were measured in situ along with the main driving variables of pH, wind speed (WS), and net solar radiation (Rn) in a temperate shallow lake. Best‐fit multiple non‐linear regression (MNLR) models of diel DO time series were built and validated on a monthly basis, with R² values ranging from 42.4% in September to 95.4% in November for validation. The strong relationship between diel DO and pH (r = 0.6) appeared to be related to the patterns of ecosystem productivity and respiration, and sensitivity of decomposing bacteria to changes in pH. pH‐driven lake metabolism appears to have significant implications for diel and seasonal lake metabolism in a changing global environment.     

Novel theoretical insights into geomorphic process–environment relationships using simulated response curves

Robust models of geomorphic process–environment relationships are important to advance theoretical knowledge of geomorphic systems. Here, we examined a generalized additive modeling (GAM) based approach to provide new theoretical insights into process–environment relationships. More precisely, we (i) simulated the shapes of the relationships between geomorphic processes and environmental variables based on GAM and (ii) compared the shapes of the simulated response curves to (a) the hypothetical curves based on theory and (b) the response curves produced by generalized linear modeling (GLM). Hitherto, GLM was the most common technique to study the relationships between environmental gradients and geomorphic processes. The study is based on empirical cryoturbation and solifluction data and environmental variables from subarctic Finland. Our results showed that non‐linear relationships were more common than linear responses and the simulated GAM based response curves coincided more closely with the hypothetical response curves than did the response curves derived from GLM. The simulated response curves showed high potential in geomorphic hypothesis testing. In conclusion, our findings indicate that careful examination of the response curves may provide new insights into theoretical debates in the earth sciences. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.