白沙河地下水资源管理模型

针对白沙河地下水含水层的内部结构和本区开采特点以及已出现的环境问题，建立了地下水资源管理模型，确定了优化开采方案。该管理模型针对本区每年２个管理时段的长度及其开采量均不同的特点，导出了新的响应矩阵的公式。管理模型的建立有助于对该区地下水的合理开采。     

双线偏振雷达的降水估测Ⅰ. 排序配对逼近法

提出使用新的途径──排序配对逼近法得出的双线偏振雷达降水估测ＺＲ关系参数因子比线性拟合法具有更好的代表性,且能体现提高区域降水估测精度,也能根据实际情形采用其它的误差类型作为获取及衡量参数的标准。对指数函数形式的ＺＲ关系来说,其参数因子Ａ０,ＡＨ及ＡＤＲ分别为０．０１６８４,０．０９６和－０．４１６５。该方法可以推广应用到多个变元及参数因子的复杂函数中。     

1961-2014年石家庄地区降水量的时空变化特征

利用石家庄地区5个代表站1961-2014年的逐日降水资料,采用多种统计分析方法,分析了石家庄地区降水量的时空变化特征,结果表明石家庄地区年降水量从20世纪70年代开始下降,80年代达到最低,90年代有所增加,但也没有明显的上升趋势,21世纪初又开始下降.20世纪70年代降水量的减少春季和秋季贡献最大,80年代降水量的减少和90年代降水量的增加主要是夏季的贡献.石家庄地区年降水量起伏较大,1963年降水量最多,为1038.4 mm,2014年最少,仅为276.2 mm.近54年石家庄年降水量在波动中呈现下降趋势,线性趋势为-11.0 mm/（10 a）,但下降趋势并不明显.石家庄北部年降水量呈上升趋势,市区及东部、南部和西部年降水量均呈下降趋势,变化趋势均不明显.近54年,石家庄春季降水量呈上升趋势,线性趋势为0.9 mm/（10 a）,夏季、秋季和冬季降水量均呈下降趋势,线性趋势分别为-11.9,-1.1和-0.3 mm/（10 a）,上升或下降趋势均不明显.夏季降水减少是导致石家庄年降水减少的主要原因.石家庄四季降水量变化趋势的空间分布具有明显的季节特征和区域特征.石家庄四季降水量均存在显著周期变化.     

Mostly Dormant Comets and their Disintegration into Meteoroid Streams: A Review

The history of associating meteor showers with asteroidal-looking objects is long, dating to before the 1983 discovery that 3200 Phaethon moves among the Geminids. Only since the more recent recognition that 2003 EH1 moves among the Quadrantids are we certain that dormant comets are associated with meteoroid streams. Since that time, many orphan streams have found parent bodies among the newly discovered Near Earth Objects. The seven established associations pertain mostly to showers in eccentric or highly inclined orbits. At least 35 other objects are tentatively linked to streams in less inclined orbits that are more difficult to distinguish from those of asteroids. There is mounting evidence that the streams originated from discrete breakup events, rather than long episodes of gradual water vapor outgassing. If all these associations can be confirmed, they represent a significant fraction of all dormant comets that are in near-Earth orbits, suggesting that dormant comets break at least as frequently as the lifetime of the streams. I find that most pertain to NEOs that have not yet fully decoupled from Jupiter. The picture that is emerging is one of rapid disintegration of comets after being captured by Jupiter, and consequently, that objects such as 3200 Phaethon most likely originated from among the most primitive asteroids in the main belt, instead. They too decay mostly by disintegration into comet fragments and meteoroid streams. The disintegration of dormant comets is likely the main source of our meteor showers and the main supply of dust to the zodiacal cloud. Editorial handling: Frans Rietmeijer.     

海底天然气渗漏形成水合物量的线性动力学模型:以墨西哥湾GC185区块Bush高地为例

世界许多地区如墨西哥湾，存在着大量天然气渗漏并形成水合物的现象，出于科学，生态，气候和安全的需要。人类有必要弄清存在于海底以水合成形式存在的天然气的比例。因此，构建了水合物形成量的线性动力学模型，以分析墨西哥湾GC185块区Bush高地海底渗漏天然气的地质过程和行为。Bush高地渗漏的天然气来源于附近的Jolliet气藏，结果表明，渗漏天然气中约有9％的海底形成了水合物。     

面向对象的图像分类方法与彩色扫描地形图林地层的自动提取

提出了一种基于面向对象分类方法的彩色扫描地形图林地层自动识别方法，简要阐述了这种方法的基本概念和原理，分析和讨论了该方法的优越性和林地层提取效果，为基于地形图计算林地面积，找林地动态变化或土地利用类型变化的研究提供了方法参考。     

Dipping-interface Mapping Using Mode-separated Rayleigh Waves

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is a non-invasive geophysical technique that uses the dispersive characteristic of Rayleigh waves to estimate a vertical shear (S)-wave velocity profile. A pseudo-2D S-wave velocity section is constructed by aligning 1D S-wave velocity profiles at the midpoint of each receiver spread that are contoured using a spatial interpolation scheme. The horizontal resolution of the section is therefore most influenced by the receiver spread length and the source interval. Based on the assumption that a dipping-layer model can be regarded as stepped flat layers, high-resolution linear Radon transform (LRT) has been proposed to image Rayleigh-wave dispersive energy and separate modes of Rayleigh waves from a multichannel record. With the mode-separation technique, therefore, a dispersion curve that possesses satisfactory accuracy can be calculated using a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. In this study, using synthetic models containing a dipping layer with a slope of 5, 10, 15, 20, or 30 degrees and a real-world example, we assess the ability of using high-resolution LRT to image and separate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves from raw surface-wave data and accuracy of dispersion curves generated by a pair of consecutive traces within a mode-separated shot gather. Results of synthetic and real-world examples demonstrate that a dipping interface with a slope smaller than 15 degrees can be successfully mapped by separated fundamental waves using high-resolution LRT.     

线阵推扫影像的核线模型研究

通过对线阵CCD推扫式影像和框幅式中心投影影像的核线理论的对比研究，建立了线阵CCD推扫式影像的核线理论，并探讨了它的基本特性，从而为核线在线阵CCD推扫式影像中的应用提供了理论基础。     

Theorem of turbulent intensity and macroscopic mechanism of the turbulence development

Turbulence is one of the most common nature phenomena in everyday experience, but that is not adequately understood yet. This article reviews the history and present state of development of the turbulence theory and indicates the necessity to probe into the turbulent features and mechanism with the different methods at different levels. Therefore this article proves a theorem of turbulent transpor- tation and a theorem of turbulent intensity by using the theory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and that the Reynolds turbulence and the Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence are united in the theorems of the turbulent intensity and the turbulent transportation. The macroscopic cause of the development of fluid turbulence is a result from shearing effect of the velocity together with the temperature, which is also the macroscopic cause of the stretch and fold of trajectory in the phase space of turbulent field. And it is proved by the observed data of atmosphere that the phenomenological coefficient of turbulent in- tensity is not only a function of the velocity shear but also a function of temperature shear, viz the sta- bility of temperature stratification, in the atmosphere. Accordingly, authenticity of the theorem, which is proved by the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, of turbulent intensity is testified by the facts of observational experiment.     

The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences

The "mean value concept" in a mono-linear regression of multi-variables is clarified.Its applications to reconstruction of the past 90-year salinity of the sea surface water in Xisha Islands and to tracing the past 80 ka paleo-geomagnetic events from the Luochuan loess 10Be record are introduced in detail,which show the significance and the potential of the "mean value concept" in geoscience research.