基于点稳定系数法的斜坡稳定性分析

基于莫尔-库伦强度理论构架,界定了点稳定系数的概念,并推导其计算公式。利用Geostudio软件建立了均质斜坡模型及计算其应力分布,并在此基础上结合MATLAB软件计算斜坡模型中各点的点稳定系数,勾绘出斜坡体内不同稳定度区域,探析了斜坡稳定性,并与传统极限平衡法进行了对比。对比结果表明:对直立斜坡,两种方法的计算结果均为不稳定,但点稳定性系数法勾绘出坡脚及坡脚底部存在两处不稳定区域;对60°斜坡,点稳定系数法的计算结果表明坡脚处存在潜在不稳定区域,而极限平衡法的计算结果表明坡体处于稳定状态;对45°斜坡,两种方法的计算结果均为稳定,计算结果一致。进一步分析得到结论:点稳定系数法不需要假设或指定某一形状滑面进行斜坡稳定性评价,且可考虑应力集中对坡体稳定性的影响;极限平衡法以稳定系数表达计算结果,而点稳定系数法以不稳定区域表达计算结果。在分析了应力和岩土体力学参数因素对点稳定系数法计算结果的敏感性后发现:相对于极限平衡法,岩土体力学参数对点稳定系数法影响更为敏感,存在黏聚力界限点和内摩擦角界限点,且对均质斜坡破坏形式(局部滑动变形破坏或整体压缩变形破坏)起着非常重要的作用。     

Reliability of shallow foundations designed against bearing failure using LRFD

Worldwide, there is growing interest in the development of a rational reliability-based geotechnical design code. The reasons for this interest are at least two-fold; first, geotechnical engineers face significantly more uncertainties than those faced in other fields of engineering, therefore there is a need to properly characterize and deal with these uncertainties. Second, for decades, structural engineers have used a reliability-based design code, and there is a need to develop the same for geotechnical engineers, in order that the two groups can ‘speak the same language’. This paper develops a theoretical model to predict the probability that a shallow foundation will exceed its supporting soil's bearing capacity. The footing is designed using characteristic soil properties (cohesion and friction angle) derived from a single sample, or ‘core’, taken in the vicinity of the footing, and used in a load and resistance factor design approach. The theory predicting failure probability is validated using a two-dimensional random finite element method analysis of a strip footing. Agreement between theory and simulation is found to be very good. Therefore, the theory can be used with confidence to perform risk assessments of foundation designs and develop resistance factors for use in code provisions.     

冻结粉土动强度的荷载效应及长期极限动强度

荷载效应包括速率效应和疲劳效应两部分．速率效应使冻土的动强度和退荷回弹动弹模随应变速率加快而提高;疲劳效应使冻土的动强度随振频增加而下降,但在低应变速率下却使动强度略有提高．在高应变速率下动强度大于静强度,在低应变速度下动强度小于静强度,其间存在一个临界应变速率．通过动强度－破坏振次关系,可确定长期极限动强度．     

Global method for stability analysis of anchored slopes

Based on the global method, an approach is proposed to consider the effect of anchor reinforcement on slope stability, where equilibrium conditions are formulated in terms of the whole slip body. Anchor pre-tension is assumed to be undertaken by the whole slip body instead of individual slices, causing internal force within slope more realistic. Meanwhile, the optimization model for locating the critical slip surface is of weak nonlinearity and easy to solve using the conventional optimization procedures. The effects of anchoring orientation and position are thoroughly investigated, and interesting results are obtained.     

滑裂面形状对挡土墙主动土压力的影响

滑裂面的准确选取对挡土墙稳定性分析有重要影响。基于塑性极限分析理论,分别推导了直线和对数螺旋线滑移模式下挡土墙主动土压力的计算公式,通过算例对比分析研究了平面滑裂面和对数螺旋滑裂面主动土压力的特点。研究结果表明:直线滑裂面为对数螺旋滑裂面的一种特例,随着滑裂面曲率增大,主动土压力合力作用点逐渐上移,主动土压力合力略有增加,但对墙趾的弯矩显著增加,不利于挡土墙稳定性;挡土墙各参数对直线滑裂面主动土压力合力作用点有不同影响,随着填土内摩擦角、挡墙倾角、填土倾角的增大而上移,随着墙土间摩擦角、黏聚力与容重挡土墙高度的乘积之比的增大而下移,合力作用点位置大致在0.2~0.4倍墙高处,说明主动土压力的非线性分布。研究结果对准确选取滑裂面形状计算挡土墙主动土压力有实际工程应用价值。     

西南某水电站坝基岩体质量分级研究

坝基岩体质量分级关系到大坝工程的安全性和经济性.通过对坝基岩体质量分级要素及各要素之间的联系进行研究,得出岩体分级各要素界限指标的对应值.在此基础上提出适用于本工程坝基岩体质量分级的单因素和双因素标准.并应用此标准对该坝基进行岩体质量分级.     

水库蓄水过程中堆积体边坡瞬态稳定性分析

由现场试验结合Fredlund和Xing方法确定了堆积体的非饱和渗透性函数分布曲线。根据概化的地质模型,建立了非饱和渗流分析的有限元模型,模拟得到蓄水过程中不同时刻坡体中孔隙水压力的分布。把暂态孔隙水压力的分布和非饱和土强度理论应用到普遍极限平衡法（GLE）中,进行了库水上升过程中边坡瞬态稳定性分析。结果表明,库水上升过程中,坡体整体稳定性是下降的,而在受库水变动影响的局部区域,其稳定性系数随着库水位的上升表现出先减小后增大的趋势,即存在一个危险水位,在一定条件下,可能会诱发坡体下部局部区域失稳。     

基于非线性破坏准则的边坡稳定性极限分析

上限定理是求解岩土工程问题的有效工具。以上限定理为理论基础,分析边坡的稳定性问题,并考虑了岩土材料破坏准则的非线性特性。在非线性Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则下,采用条分法与极限分析上限法相结合的方法,对边坡稳定性进行分析。通过切线法引入非线性强度参数 、 ,推导了岩土材料在非线性破坏准则下的相关联流动法则,建立功能方程,推导了边坡直线滑裂面、折线滑裂面和光滑曲线滑裂面安全系数F的计算方程。采用数学规划法计算后与工程实际中常用的边坡稳定性分析方法进行对比,并获得安全系数F =1.0时的稳定性系数Ns。与已有的研究成果进行比较分析,结果表明了该方法的正确性及优越性     

对X射线荧光光谱分析检出限公式的认识

对X射线荧光光谱分析检出限问题进行了探讨,通过实验指出行标DZ/T 130-2006有关检出限计算公式的不足在于对测量时间的过分依赖,使检出限这一重要参数失去实际意义,需要重新科学定义。     

Stability analysis of tunnels driven in jointed rocks by means of a homogenized limit analysis approach

Conceived as a potential alternative to the classical design methods employed for analyzing the stability of underground structures driven in jointed rocks, the homogenization approach stems from the heuristic idea that, from a macroscopic point of view, a rock mass cut by a network of joints may be perceived as a homogenized continuum. The strength properties of the latter can be theoretically obtained from the failure conditions of its individual constituents: rock matrix and joint interfaces. At the material level, the limit analysis reasoning is used in the context of homogenization to formulate the homogenized strength criterion of a jointed rock mass in the particular situation of a single set of parallel joints. As it could be expected, the obtained closed‐form expressions show the strength anisotropy induced by joint preferential orientation. The support functions (π functions) associated with the homogenized strength criterion are also determined in both plane strain and three‐dimensional cases. This criterion is then applied to the investigation of stability analysis of a tunnel excavated in a jointed rock mass. Upper bounds estimated of the stability factor are derived from the implementation of the kinematic approach directly on the homogenized underground structure. Finally, the approach is applied to analyze and discuss the collapse of the Pinheiros subway station (São Paulo, Brazil). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.