应用两次展开法求解系泊柱体慢漂运动方程

在深海中系泊的海洋平台,如Spar平台,水下部分为带有系泊的圆柱结构,其水平方向运动响应往往具有较低的自振频率,容易在低频波浪力(源于非线性的差频效应)作用下发生共振响应,使结构发生大幅水平慢漂。当浮体的瞬时位置大幅偏离初始位置时,基于初始平衡位置的摄动展开法会存在较大误差。针对这一问题,采用两次展开方法,对大幅慢漂运动开展时域模拟研究。对双色波作用下自由漂浮圆柱的大幅运动响应问题进行数值分析,并与采用基于初始平衡位置的摄动展开法的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明,采用新的两次展开法可以计算出波浪遭遇频率的变化和波浪漂移阻尼,而这无法从基于初始平衡位置的常规摄动展开法中得到,体现了两次展开法在分析大幅慢漂问题上的优势。     

Paleoearthquakes in the Uimon basin (Gorny Altai)

Paleoseismological studies confirm that the Uimon basin is thrust by its northern mountain border along the active South Terekta fault. The latest motion along the fault in the 7-8th centuries AD induced an earthquake with a magnitude of M_w= 7.4-7.7 and a shaking intensity of I = 9-11 on the MSK-64 scale. The same fault generated another event (M > 7, I = 9-10), possibly, about 16 kyr ago, which triggered gravity sliding. The rockslide dammed the Uimon valley and produced a lake, where lacustrine deposition began about 14 ± 1 kyr ago, and a later M > 7 (I = 9-10) earthquake at ~ 6 ka caused the dam collapse and the lake drainage. Traces of much older earthquakes that occurred within the Uimon basin are detectable from secondary deformation structures (seismites) in soft sediments deposited during the drainage of a Late Pleistocene ice-dammed lake between 100 and 90 ka and in ~ 77 ka alluvium. The magnitude and intensity of these paleoearthquakes were at least M > 5.0-5.5 and I > 6-7.     

超大超深灌注桩施工关键技术研究与应用

以深圳某项目桩基础施工为依托,综合考虑地质特点和施工工艺要求,对超大超深灌注桩在花岗岩地层施工开展了相关研究,并将研究成果应用到实际施工中,有效地解决了该类型桩基础施工中的难点,保证了项目的顺利实施,为后续类似项目提供了参考依据。     

2018年一次罕见早春飑线大风过程演变和机理分析

2018年3月4—5日,华南、江南等地发生了一次大范围强对流过程,发生时间早,落区范围广,多地伴有雷暴大风、冰雹、短时强降水等剧烈对流天气,尤其飑线在江西境内造成了严重大风灾害。基于大气环流和雷达回波发展演变特征,将该次过程分为初始、发展和减弱三个阶段：初始阶段西风槽前西南急流造成的低压倒槽为强对流提供大尺度触发条件;发展阶段对流活动位于槽前暖区中,飑线在江西造成极端大风;入夜后,冷锋南下,对流进入减弱阶段。环境场及对流参数诊断表明江西中北部低层高温高湿,中层干冷,温度垂直递减率大,有利于产生雷暴大风。南昌探空长时间序列分析表明温湿要素气候态异常,与历史同期比,低层明显偏暖偏湿,中层偏干,有利于极端对流天气发生。综合多源观测资料和雷达资料分析中小尺度特征,本次江西飑线过程特点及成因包括：（1）受引导气流和前向传播共同作用,飑线移动速度快。（2）自动站分析显示飑锋后雷暴高压强,与锋前暖低压作用造成强密度流,有利于产生大范围直线型大风;（3）通过对比飑线弓状回波南北段回波结构差异表明,飑线后侧中层干后向入流促使降水粒子相变,剧烈降温形成的强下沉运动(下击暴流)是导致极端大风的主要原因,后部层云区下沉气流增强雷暴高压加之动量下传作用对雷暴大风有增幅作用。     

Bed material texture in low order streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands,British Columbia

Low order channels comprise a large proportion of the links of every drainage basin, and are often at the centre of land management concerns. They exhibit hydrological and geomorphological characteristics atypical of higher order links. This paper examines the nature and causes of variations in the bed material texture of two streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. The extant, functional exponential model is found to be inadequate for explaining observed changes in grain size parameters with distance downstream. Recurrent disruption of sediment transport by large organic debris jams, and the sporadic contamination of the fluvial sediment population by colluvial inputs, preclude the development of longitudinal structure. Rather, grain size varies erratically over short distances. A stochastic model best describes the observed variations, and should be adopted as an alternative to the exponential model in low order links. Characteristic variances are controlled by the degree of hillslope-channel coupling, and the extent and characteristics of non-alluvial storage mechanisms.     

云南白马寨铜镍硫化物矿床铂族元素地球化学及其对矿床成因的制约

采用镍硫火试金ICP-MS法分析了白马寨铜镍硫化物矿床矿石及其主要围岩铂族元素(PGE)含量,结果表明铂族元素总量(ΣPGE)普遍较低,且ΣPGE由矿床核部的块状矿石(78.15×10-9~555.92×10-9)向外围矿化橄榄岩(6.77×10-9~70.95×10-9)至辉长岩(3.02×10-9)逐步降低。煌斑岩脉岩的ΣPGE也较低,为6.86×10-9~17.03×10-9。ΣPGE与Ni含量呈明显的正相关。不同种类岩石和矿石的PGE原始地幔配分模式明显不同,块状矿石为Pt-Pd配分型,Ir较明显亏损;矿化橄榄岩配分曲线较平坦,IPGE和PPGE分异不明显,但均出现Ru正异常。辉长岩样品和煌斑岩PGE配分模式几乎一致,也均出现明显的Ru正异常。矿石和围岩的Cu/Pd值远高于原始地幔,表明原生岩浆发生了较强的硫化物熔离作用。块状富镍矿石的(Pt+Pd)/(Os+Ir+Ru)和Pd/Ir分别为138.24和24.7,指示其母岩浆为演化较为彻底的玄武质岩浆,而矿化橄榄岩的相应值分别为3.02和16.09,具有科马提质岩浆的特征参数,因此白马寨块状矿石和矿化橄榄岩之间可能没有成因联系。块状硫化物熔体侵位前,其母岩浆经历过长时间强烈的硫化物熔离作用,硫化物熔浆作为独立的侵入相而侵入于III号岩体核部。这个过程反映了峨眉山地幔柱尾部岩浆演化和成矿可能经历过高度的S饱和过程。白马寨矿床形成过程中可能受到地壳物质的混染。     

优质膨润土泥浆在大直径深桩基工程中的应用

为解决在澳门美高梅金殿超濠博彩场及酒店项目桩基工程中大直径深护筒无法回收的难题,笔者在分析港澳地区灌注桩传统工艺缺陷的基础上,采用具有预处理能力的优质膨润土泥浆.施工实践表明,2#配方泥浆能有效的保持桩孔稳定性,桩孔的平均充盈系数为1.0794;改善了钻进泥浆的性能,使泥浆的重复利用率提高到45.33%,泥浆废弃率仅为2.38%;降低了工程成本,减小了对环境的影响.同时,为钻孔灌注桩施工总结了各个阶段泥浆性能标准.     

大深度载人潜水器低速大漂角模糊滑模航向控制研究

通过模型试验测量大深度载人潜水器低速大漂角运动时所受到的非线性水动力。基于一种新的模糊滑模控制策略,为潜水器设计了鲁棒航向控制器。在不同的漂角子区间内分别设计局部镇定的滑模控制器,然后通过Takagi-Sugeno模糊推理系统将它们光滑连接,得到模糊滑模控制。仿真计算结果充分显示了该控制策略的有效性。     

Using Mesoproterozoic sedimentary geochemistry to reconstruct basin tectonic geography and link organic carbon productivity to nutrient flux from a Northern Australian large igneous Province

The Beetaloo Sub-basin, northern Australia, is considered the main depocentre of the 1,000-km scale Mesoproterozoic Wilton package of the greater McArthur Basin – the host to one of the oldest hydrocarbon global resources. The ca. 1.40–1.31 Ga upper Roper Group and the latest Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic unnamed group of the Beetaloo Sub-basin, together, record ca. 500 million years of depositional history within the North Australia Craton. Whole-rock shale Sm–Nd and Pb isotope data from these sediments reveal sedimentary provenance and their evolution from ca. 1.35 to 0.85 Ga. Furthermore, these data, together with shale major/trace elements data from this study and pyrolysis data from previous publications, are used to develop a dynamic tectonic geography model that links the organic carbon production and burial to an enhanced weathering of nutrients from a large igneous province. The ca. 1.35–1.31 Ga Kyalla Formation of the upper Roper Group is composed of isotopically evolved sedimentary detritus that passes up, into more isotopically juvenile Pb values towards the top of the formation. The increase in juvenile compositions coincides with elevated total organic carbon (TOC) contents of these sediments. The coherently enriched juvenile compositions and TOC the upper portions of the Kyalla Formation are interpreted to reflect an increase in nutrient supply associated with the weathering of basaltic sources (e.g. phosphorous). Possible, relatively juvenile, basaltic sources include the Wankanki Supersuite in the western Musgraves and the Derim Derim–Galiwinku large igneous province (LIP). The transition into juvenile, basaltic sources directly before a supersequence-bounding unconformity is here interpreted to reflect uplift and erosion of the Derim Derim–Galiwinku LIP, rather than an influx of southern Musgrave sources. A new baddeleyite crystallisation age of 1,312.9 ± 0.7 Ma provides both a tight constraint on the age of this LIP, along with its associated magmatic uplift, as well as providing a minimum age constraint for Roper Group deposition. The unconformably overlying lower and upper Jamison sandstones are at least 300 million years younger than the Kyalla Formation and were sourced from the Musgrave Province. An up-section increase in isotopically juvenile compositions seen in these rocks is interpreted to document the progressive exhumation of the western Musgrave Province. The overlying Hayfield mudstone received detritus from both the Musgrave and Arunta regions, and its isotopic geochemistry reveals affinities with other early Neoproterozoic basins (e.g. Amadeus, Victoria and Officer basins), indicating the potential for inter-basin correlations.     

Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525–2000

ENSO is an interannual mode which may be affected by external forcing, such as volcanic eruptions. Based on the reconstructed volcanic eruptions chronology and ENSO sequences, both 195 large volcanic eruptions(VEI≥4) and 398 ENSO(El Ni?o and La Ni?a) events were extracted from 1525 to 2000. An analysis of the correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events was performed by matching the large volcanic eruptions with the types and magnitudes of ENSO events present in the 0–2 years after the eruptions. The results show the following:(1) The percentages of ENSO events within the 3 years after the large eruptions had increased to 68.3% from 31.7% compared with those with no-eruptions in the previous 0–2 years. In addition, the ratio of El Ni?o to La Ni?a events turned from 2:3 to 1:1, and more El Ni?o events occurred in the 0 year after eruptions in the low-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and in the tropics but more La Ni?a events occurred in the 0 year after in the high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.(2) After the eruptions, the weak(W) El Ni?o events had increased by 8 percentage points and the very strong(VS) El Ni?o events had decreased by 10 percentage points; conversely, there was a decrease by 15 percentage points of the weak La Ni?a events and an increase by 11.4 percentage points of the very strong La Ni?a events. Specifically, the percentages of strong La Ni?a events increased to a peak at 1(+1) year after the eruptions.(3) The percentage of eruptions followed by single-year ENSO was the greatest. The percentage of ENSO events that occurred in the consecutive 2 years following an eruption was approximately equal to the percentage of events that occurred consecutively 3 years following an eruption, and both sets of ENSO magnitudes showed a decreasing trend.