A novel spatial index using spatial analyses and hierarchical fuzzy expert system for obtaining green TOD: a case study in Tehran city

Sustainable development is a vital and challenging factor for managing urban growth smartly. This factor contains three main components, namely economic growth, ecological protection and social justice. Green Transit-Oriented Development (GTOD) is a consummate planning approach in line with those components. Implementation of GTOD in an urban area is underpinned by its quantification. Therefore, a quantitative spatial index based on several indicators related to TOD and Green urbanism concepts should be developed. In this study, Geo-spatial Information Science and hierarchical fuzzy inference system (HFIS) were employed to calculate the indicators and aggregate them, respectively. In order to showcase the feasibility of the proposed method, it was implemented in a case study area in the City of Tehran, Iran. The result of this method is an integrated spatial GTOD index, which measures the neighbourhoods’ GTOD levels. These measurements specify weaknesses and strengths of neighbourhoods’ factors. Therefore, this index helps decision-makers to plan neighbourhoods based on land use and public transit views. Additionally, the HFIS method helps decision-makers to consider criteria and indicators with their inherent uncertainties and aggregate them with much fewer rules. For evaluating the results, the developed GTOD index was assessed with municipal action planning and attraction maps. According to the outcomes of the assessment, it is concluded that the proposed method is adequately robust and efficient for smart and sustainable urban planning.     

一体化综合减灾智能服务系统研究

针对目前我国减灾服务重决策轻预警,减灾服务技术、系统、应用集成不够,尚缺乏完善的一体化综合减灾智能服务体系现状。该文从测绘地理信息视角,分析了室内外一体化应急定位、多源应急数据融合、灾害场景可视化、灾害模型分析服务等关键技术,构建了一体化综合减灾智能服务原型系统,并在国家基础地理信息中心和陕西省的相关应急部门进行了实际应用,实现了应急信息的一体化感知、定位、融合、分析、服务,为我国综合减灾决策分析提供了技术支撑。     

A comparative analysis of gridding systems for point-based land cover/use analysis

For spatial analyses, raster land cover/use maps are converted into points, where each point holds attribute of its corresponding land cover/use. However, these are not identical in terms of areas or shapes; thus assigning a point to each isolated shape is not an adequate solution and for that gridding is suggested. Square, hexagon and triangle are among the basic land use gridding systems where each of them has its own advantages in such process. This research aims to compare the systems in providing accurate representations of the original land cover/use maps, assess the data loss while increasing resolution and suggest suitable gridding system. The research finds the errors in area and feature numbers as criteria for selected classes. Modules that find out errors in each scale considering each criterion and class alone are proposed. The modules suggest both the best system for each criterion alone and for combined criteria.     

基于多模CORS的网络RTK服务性能测试

从北斗地基增强系统建设出发,分析多模CORS实验网,提供多模网络RTK服务,增强北斗卫星导航系统的应用。根据实时测量精度、定位服务的时效性、时间可用性、空间可用性和实用性测试,评价实验网提供的网络RTK服务性能。测试结果表明通过加入北斗导航卫星系统信号,定位精度略为提高,可有效改善电离层模型,提高流动站固定的效率,可以解决困难环境的作业问题,提高作业效率。     

广西北斗地基增强系统性能测试与精度分析

在完成广西北斗地基增强系统建设的基础上,测试了系统网络RTK实时定位测量的内符合精度、环境可用性、空间可用性、时间可用性与兼容性;并对GPS+BDS+GLONASS、BDS、GPS+GLONASS三种模式下网络RTK的定位结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,广西北斗地基增强系统的各项精度指标满足设计要求,基于GPS+BDS+GLONASS多系统的网络RTK测量具有较高的精度与较好的稳定性和可靠性。     

基于星通软件的农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证数据处理

更新地籍信息对于记录土地所有权和财产分割的变化至关重要,在大多数情况下,现有的宗地图不能提供关于地块边界的最新信息,因此,需要及时提供地籍图中的地籍数据和地块边界信息。本文以安徽省一个行政村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证为研究对象,以星通承包经营权采编系统(以下简称星通软件)在土地确权颁证登记中的应用为研究内容,通过实践表明,星通软件为农村土地确权内业数据处理带来了极大的便利。     

矿业城市土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究

矿业城市受到矿山开发与城市扩张的双重影响,生态环境遭到严重破坏,水环境问题尤为突出。本文以煤矿城市河南省鹤壁市为研究区,根据汤河流域1970—2015年土地利用覆被时空变化特征设定5种不同时期土地利用情景,采用SWAT模型模拟分析5期土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应以及变化规律。研究结果显示,1970—2015年间,土地利用变化引起流域内蒸散发量、土壤下渗量和地下径流量年均分别减少-1. 48 mm、-0.38 mm、-0.29 mm,地表径流量年均增加0.76 mm,汛期与非汛期径流增加;在不同水文年份,土地利用变化对平水年的年径流影响最为明显,对枯水年年径流的影响大于丰水年。本文主要提出了以矿业城市土地利用变化对水循环的影响,该方法对矿区范围内水资源的科学管理具有一定的参考意义。     

多维度动态农村土地承包经营权业务权限的设计与实现

为满足浙江省各级农经管理部门在农村土地承包经营权管理系统中复杂的权限管理需要,基于RBAC模型实现了以Apache Shiro安全框架为支撑的多维度动态业务权限管理。该模型从角色维度、部门维度、空间维度、时间维度上分别对用户的资源菜单、工作流、数据操作空间、数据历史回溯4个方面的权限进行细粒度控制。在浙江省农村土地承包管理信息系统中实际运行表明,设计的业务权限系统可满足省市县各级农经管理部门在管理系统的权限要求。     

基于AHP-PSR模型的西南丘陵地区农用地集约利用动态评价

针对西南丘陵地区农用地利用效率低、耕地质量锐减、人地关系逐步恶化等问题构建了基于AHP-PSR模型的西南丘陵地区农用地集约利用评价系统。采用专家打分法进行指标筛选后,基于AHP-PSR模型进行农用地集约利用动态评价,对系统内部协调及稳定性进行分析、评估,较深入地研究农用地集约利用驱动因子,并采用最优子集选取策略分析集约利用驱动力,以避免仅以简单相关性就加入或剔除驱动力因素导致回归系数不符合实际内涵的现象。实验表明:可利用系统调整指标间权重,动态展示人地关系协调可持续发展关系,其分析结果可供有关部门决策参考。     

Trimble MX7移动测量系统精度影响因素分析

车载移动测量系统的测图精度受测量环境影响较大,而城市测量的环境一般较复杂,且环境对测量精度的影响程度并未明确,因此本文主要针对车辆在建筑物遮挡和拐弯两种情况下做了实验,同时对同一目标点的二维坐标和三维坐标进行了平面精度的对比,综合分析评价了Trimble MX7移动测量系统在实际应用中行驶轨迹精度和目标点位精度的变化情况。实验证明,轨迹拐弯处的点位精度比车辆直行时的点位精度差,但满足1∶1 000数字测图精度要求,在建筑遮挡最密集时点位精度最差但仍可应用于1∶1 000野外数字测图,直接对目标点的三维坐标进行提取的精度优于二维坐标提取方式,该测量系统可应用于1∶2 000野外数字测图的高程测量。