利用GPS多普勒观测值精确确定运动载体的速度

讨论了利用GPS多普勒频移观测值确定运动载体速度的基本原理,估计了这一方法可以达到的精度。为验证该方法的可靠性及稳定性,做了两个试验:静态试验和动态试验,试验中实测动态数据处理采用VAES软件。理论研究和数据处理结果均表明,在卫星分布较好的情况下,载体速度的确定精度可达mm/s。     

光压模型对GPS精密单点定位的影响

利用全球120个跟踪站2019年doy110~139观测数据进行GPS精密定轨;然后采用ECOM1、ECOM1+BW、ECOM1+ABW等3种光压模型,使用7个未参与定轨的测站进行PPP实验。结果表明,ECOM1+ABW组合模型轨道精度最高,非地影期三维轨道精度优于4 cm;对于静态PPP,收敛后水平方向精度优于0.8 cm,垂直方向精度优于1.2 cm;对于动态PPP,收敛时间在30 min左右,收敛后水平方向精度优于1.4 cm,垂直方向精度优于2.0 cm。     

GPS动态测量连续周跳检验

本文针对ＧＰＳ动态测量中经常出现的连续周跳,提出了一种新的连续周跳的检验方法。该方法在理论上是最优的,与Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波平行操作,能够实行处理周跳引起的偏差;而且,在偏差估计的同时,兼顾后续偏差检验,因而可利用尽可能多的观测历元信息来获取精度较高的偏差估值。实例计算表明,该方法在应用中是很有效的。     

Sea-floor positioning with global positioning system–acoustic link system

The present study describes a new system designed and developed for observing crustal deformation on the sea floor. The system consists of two parts, the kinematic positioning by global positioning system (GPS) and acoustic ranging techniques. Since the location of a site at the ocean bottom relative to a reference site on land cannot be determined directly, the procedure was divided into two steps. First, the position of a vessel was determined using differential and kinematic GPS techniques, and then the position of a reference point at the ocean bottom was located relative to the vessel using the acoustic ranging technique. Thus, the location of the ocean-bottom station is determined relative to the reference sites on land in the global reference system. The accuracy was tested in several ways. In one experiment, a buoy was used as the surface station which linked the positions of a GPS receiver to the acoustic transponder. Assuming a simple sound velocity profile of the seawater, the position of an ocean-bottom reference point was estimated with an accuracy of several meters. Thus, with the present system, it is difficult to observe ocean-bottom crustal deformations generated by typical plate motions. Methods are being investigated to improve the observation system for more accurate sea floor positioning.     

Investigation of the kinematics and structure of the Galaxy in the vicinity of the North galactic pole

In the framework of the programme of studying the meridional section of the Galaxy (MEGA) the absolute proper motions of more than 11000 stars with respect to 3000 galaxies and their stellar magnitudes in the B, V Johnson system are determined in two sky regions near the North Galactic Pole (NGP) by means of Tautenburg Schmidt plates. The limiting and completing apparent stellar magnitudes are B = 20.4 and 18.3 mag, the overall and the investigated sky areas are 16.4 and 14.6 square degrees, respectively. Distances have been determined using the stellar magnitudes, colours, proper motions and reduced proper motions. Stellar kinematics, eccentricities of Galactic orbits, spatial distribution and changes of these characteristics with Z-distance from the Galactic plane are obtained up to 15 kpc. Four subsystems distinguished in the NGP direction, respectively with semithicknesses of 0.25, 0.38, 0.67, 1.48 kpc and density ellipsoid axial ratios of 0.09, 0.20, 0.28, 0.49 show mean velocities in the Galactic rotation direction relative to the LSR of 5.6 ± 0.6, − 11.0 ± 0.6, − 62.5 ± 1.2, − 181.6 ± 4.4 km/s, and ages of 0.1, 0.4, 0.9, 1 of the Galaxy age.     

大青山伸展拆离断层运动学涡度研究及构造指示意义

在华北北缘的大青山伸展拆离断裂带叠加在中生代逆冲断层之上,其韧性剪切带在变质核杂岩南北两侧出露,运动学指向为上盘向南东向拆离.运动学涡度分析表明,大青山拆离断层剪切带早期(较高温)简单剪切分量不断增加直至简单剪切;拆离断层总体平均涡度Wm简单剪切分量沿拆离断层上盘运动方向增大,与韧性剪切带先垂向颈缩、后水平伸展的被动式...     

Kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles

The beneficial or detrimental role of battered piles on the dynamic response of piled foundations has not been yet fully elucidated. In order to shed more light on this aspect, kinematic interaction factors of deep foundations with inclined piles, are provided for single‐battered piles, as well as for 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 groups of piles subjected to vertically incident plane shear S waves. Piles are modelled as linear‐elastic Bernoulli beams, whereas soil is assumed to be a linear, isotropic, homogeneous viscoelastic half‐space. Different pile group configurations, pile‐soil stiffness ratios, and rake angles are considered. The relevance and main trends observed in the influence of the rake angle on the kinematic interaction factors of the analysed foundations are inferred from the presented results. An important dependence of the kinematic interaction factors on the rake angle is observed together with the existence of an inclination angle at which cap rotation and excitation become out of phase in the low‐to‐mid frequency range. The existence of a small batter angle that provides minimum cap rotation is also shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制

受多路径等未模型化误差影响,全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）监测序列中出现的一些异常波动现象会对精准预警产生干扰,甚至造成漏警、误警等严重后果。针对滑坡灾害体的状态特征信息在GNSS解算过程中未被充分利用的问题,分析了GNSS灾害监测中的状态空间模型,提出了一种顾及灾害体状态特征的实时滤波算法,通过滑动窗口大小的自适应调整,对监测点历史历元解算结果进行状态方程建模,并在当前历元参数估计时进行卡尔曼滤波的状态更新,得到更加可信的实时解算序列。黄土滑坡实验表明,与常规结果相比,该算法的浮点解+固定解精度分别在东、北、天方向提升了97.6%、87.5%、89.6%;单固定解精度分别提升了50.0%、14.3%、18.8%;模糊度固定率由97.1%提升至99.9%。该算法在提高解算结果精度的同时,也提升了模糊度的固定率,有效降低了异常序列波动对灾害监测与预警的影响。     

基于移动GIS的土地集约利用信息采集终端系统

为了解决土地利用的种类复杂、分界不清、分界点精度要求高等问题,研制集GPS,Mobile GIS,PDA,网络通信等先进技术为一体的,能够快速获取土地利用信息的土地集约利用信息采集终端系统,为城市土地集约化利用信息及时、准确的获取提供技术保障。     

运动学涡度及其在湘东雁林寺韧性剪切带中的应用

自然界中的剪切带通常是由简单剪切(simple shear)和纯剪切(pure shear)叠加的一般剪切带(general shear)。运动学涡度(kinematic vorticity)的引入提供了一个定量表示两种剪切成分的工具。通过测量剪切带的运动学涡度,可以清楚的了解一般剪切带中究竟是简单剪切还是纯剪切占优势。本文将运动学涡度的基本理论和极摩尔圆法对雁林寺金矿所在的湘东雁林寺韧性剪切带中所表现的运动学涡度进行测量,得出该韧性剪切带的Wk值为0.6,指示其变形以纯剪切为主,且简单剪切作用应变速率比纯剪切作用的应变速率慢。本文从微观运动学层面揭示了湘东雁林寺韧性剪切带对于雁林寺金矿的形成具有重要的意义。