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151.
武汉市陆家街地面塌陷的形成机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Li Zhiyi Ye Junlin 《地球科学》1989,(2)
发生于武汉市陆家街的地面塌陷,是隐伏岩溶区的一种地质灾害,由于它与人类工程及社会经济活动有关,所以也是一种环境工程地质问题。用潜蚀机制解释这种现象较为合理,它是一个累进变形破坏过程。地面塌陷的发生与一定的地质、地貌条件密切相关。在搞清地面塌陷的形成机制、地质背景和发生条件的基础上,这种地质灾害是可以预测和防治的。 相似文献
152.
通过蒙新高原典型盐湖区的解剖研究,查清了代表性盐湖盆地的相环境及其沉积建造,将盐湖盆地环境的变化形式划分为沉陷型、抬升型和改造型,并归结了盐湖盆地相环境分异与盆地地质结构之间的相互关系,为开发大陆干旱区盆地的盐湖和卤水资源及其环境演化的理论研究提供了依据。 相似文献
153.
S. White 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(4):248-255
Most studies of karst landscapes and their processes have been concerned with consolidated, often well-jointed limestones. There are particular problems involved in the study of karst procesess in softer, less-compact limestones such as chalk, coral reefs, and aeolian calcarenite. Previous studies in aeolian calcarenite indicated these problems and a scheme was developed of speleogenesis in aeolian calcarenite. A study of karst processes in aeolian calcarenite at Bats Ridge in western Victoria has developed this scheme further. The karst features and processes at Bats Ridge are an integral part of the landscape of a mid-Pleistocene calcarenite dune system. The resolution of problems of the rapid subaerial speleogenesis in the area is achieved by the synthesis of the known karst features of the ridge and the geology and geomorphology of the area. Karst development on this aeolianite ridge depends on lithological conditions as well as the availability of aggressive water capable of solution. The diagenesis of the calcarenite is occurring now and must have been occurring by the mid-Pleistocene. This simultaneous lithification of the carbonate dunes into aeolian calcarenite rock and the development of solutional karst features in the dunes is the characteristic feature of the speleogenesis in this area. It is the formation of a hardened kankar layer (cap rock) in the dunes of sufficient compressive and tensile strength to support cavities, which is the result of these interrelated factors, that has strongly determined the formation of the karst features. 相似文献
154.
本文介绍了土壤样氦气测量方法勘查隐伏陷落柱及其找深部铀矿的简要原理和应用效果。通过对5个实例的氦异常特征研究,表明在陷落柱边缘及其中部氦含量变化明显;在隐伏铀矿体的垂直投影部位,地表有较好的氦异常。从而说明:用该法可为煤矿寻找隐伏的陷落柱,可以探测与成矿有关的岩溶塌陷构造,寻找铀矿及各种断裂构造,可以为各种受断裂控制的热液矿床指明远景地段,为勘探设计提供依据。 相似文献
155.
156.
Rock salt is approximately 1000 times more soluble than limestone and thus displays high rates of geomorphic evolution. Cave stream channel profiles and downcutting rates were studied in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid (mean annual rainfall ≈ 50 mm), the diapir contains extensive karst systems of Holocene age. In the standard cave profile a vertical shaft at the upstream end diverts water from a surface channel in anhydrite or clastic cap rocks into the subsurface route in the salt. Mass balance calculations in a sample cave passage yielded downcutting rates of 0–2 mm s?1 during peak flood conditions, or about eight orders of magnitude higher than reported rates in any limestone cave streams. However, in the arid climate of Mount Sedom floods have a low recurrence interval with the consequence that long-term mean downcutting rates are lower: an average rate of 8·8 mm a?1 was measured for the period 1986–1991 in the same sample passage. Quite independently, long-term mean rates of 6·2mm a?1 are deduced from 14C ages of driftwood found in upper levels of 12 cave passages. These are at least three orders of magnitude higher than rates established for limestone caves. Salt cave passages develop in two main stages: (1) an early stage characterized by high downcutting rates into the rock salt bed, and steep passage gradients; (2) a mature stage characterized by lower downcutting rates, with establishment of a subhorizontal stream bed armoured with alluvial detritus. In this mature stage downcutting rates are controlled by the uplift rate of the Mount Sedom diapir and changes of the level of the Dead Sea. Passages may also aggrade. These fast-developing salt stream channels may serve as full-scale models for slower developing systems such as limestone canyons. 相似文献
157.
求震源机制P波初动解的格点尝试概率法 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
考虑到P波初动数据在震源球面上分布的不均匀性对节面解的可能影响,不用矛盾符号所占比例的大小作为选择可取节面解的标准,而是将震源球面分成许多小块,再确定有P波初动数字的小块为正号区或负号区的概率,最后以全部有数据小块的平均概率的高低作为选择解答的标准。用此改进方法重新测定了徐纪仁等(Xu et.al,,1988)发表的青藏高原地区99个地震的震源机制解,从中筛选出了20个可信的解答。 相似文献
158.
表层岩溶带调蓄系数定量计算--以湘西洛塔赵家湾为例 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文以湖南洛塔赵家湾表层岩溶系统为例,综合利用水位、降雨量、蒸发量及泉流量等长观资料,分别对不同降雨特征下的表层岩溶带调蓄系数进行了定量计算,并对影响表层岩溶带调蓄能力的因素进行了分析。计算得到丰水期赵家湾表层岩溶带调蓄系数为0 14~0 2 8,明显小于枯水期调蓄系数0 44 ;但丰水期久旱后表层岩溶带的调蓄能力接近于枯水期;在丰水期,场雨和连续降雨时的调蓄能力比间歇降雨时的小近1倍。实例计算表明:赵家湾表层岩溶带具有一定的调蓄能力,其地下迳流滞后于降雨至少3d ,调蓄系数确实可以用来定量评价表层岩溶带的调蓄能力。 相似文献
159.
160.