Lunar Laser Ranging: Glorious Past And A Bright Future

Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), a part of the NASA Apollo program, has beenon-going for more than 30 years. It provides the grist for a multi-disciplinarydata analysis mill. Results exist for solid Earth sciences, geodesy and geodynamics,solar system ephemerides, terrestrial and celestial reference frames, lunar physics,general relativity and gravitational theory. Combined with other data, it treatsprecession of the Earth's spin axis, lunar induced nutation, polar motion/Earthrotation, Earth orbit obliquity to the ecliptic, intersection of the celestial equatorwith the ecliptic, luni-solar solid body tides, lunar tidal deceleration, lunar physicaland free librations, structure of the moon and energy dissipation in the lunar interior.LLR provides input to lunar surface cartography and surveying, Earth station and lunar retroreflector location and motion, mass of the Earth-moon system, lunar and terrestrial gravity harmonics and Love numbers, relativistic geodesic precession, and the equivalence principle of general relativity. With the passive nature of the reflectors and steady improvement in observing equipment and data analysis, LLR continues to provide state-of-the-art results. Gains are steady as the data-base expands. After more than 30 years, LLR remains the only active Apollo experiment. It is important to recognize examples of efficient and cost effective progress of research. LLR is just such an example.     

Normal Point Algorithm For Reduction Of Two Colour Slr Observations

Two colour laser ranging to artificial satellites is an attractivetechnique, which is capable to provide refraction corrected ranges without the need of an atmospheric model by measuring the dispersive delay of laser pulses of different wavelength. Although the required accuracy of the detection scheme is stringent, the technique has matured so far, that routine two colour observationsbecame feasible.The present paper describes a normal point procedure reducing two colour laser range observations with respect to the dispersive delay,exploiting the knowledge of satellite response signatures in conjunction with detector characteristics and the appropriate center of mass correction models.Moreover the dispersion model of the atmosphere is briefly reviewed, paying attention to the wavelength domains provided by modern twocolour ranging lasers, e.g., the Ti:SAP laser.Preliminary data is presented and compared to both, normal point data reduced with a standard procedure and zenith path equivalent meteorological parameters.     

Trace Elements Analysis of Geological Samples by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

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激光热透镜光谱法测定地质样品中微量钼的研究

作者对激光热透镜光谱法测定微量钼进行了研究．试验表明，在丙酮介质中，Ｍｏ６＋能被还原成Ｍｏ５＋并形成钼蓝同多酸，最大吸收彼长在６７０ｕｍ处，利用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器输出的６３２．８ｕｍ的激光作光源，进行微量钼的热透镜法分析测定．两酮的存在能增强热透镜信号强度。钼含量在０．０１—２．０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内与激光热透镜信号强度呈良好的线性关系，方法检出限为０．００５μｇ／ｍＬ钼，已用于地质样品中微量钼的高灵敏度测定．结果满意．     

Thermal analysis in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell

A new technique actively controls thermal radiation and monitors sample properties during laser-heating in a diamond anvil cell. The technique can be described as a qualitative application of thermal analysis. Discontinuities in temperature, laser power, visible thermal radiation, or in their derivatives as functions of time can be associated with the enthalpy of phase transitions (such as melting) or with changes in maternal properties (such as emissivity).The technique is illustrated with melting experiments on iron-magnesium-silicate perovskite. Temperature corrections associated with these experiments are discussed and the results are briefly reviewed.     

临清坳陷德南洼陷含油气性的流体包裹体分析

应用流体包裹体观察和激光拉曼探针等微观技术对临清坳陷东北部的德南洼陷流体包裹体特征及成分、压力等物理化学条件的研究表明,研究区共有6种类型的包裹体:单相盐水包裹体、富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体、含液态CO2三相包裹体、富液态烃有机包裹体、富气态烃有机包裹体,其中富液态烃有机包裹体的均一温度为100～140°C的较多.包裹体的液相成分主要为H2O和Cl-,气相成分主要为CO2、CH4以及微量的C2H6等,包裹体成分研究结果表明在古近系和新近系中主要为未成熟-低成熟的液态烃流体活动;在古生界及部分上部层段中主要为成熟、高成熟的气态烃流体活动.根据盐水溶液包裹体的均一温度和冷冻温度计算得出研究区的流体压力为10～95 MPa,其中,在烃类流体大量排出运移时期经历过压力由突破到释放的过程;初步评价了区内的油气有利远景区.     

同向圆射流混合特性实验研究

利用声学多普勒流速仪(Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry,ADV)自动测速系统和平面激光诱导荧光(Plane Laser Induced Florescence,PLIF)系统对同向圆射流的速度场和浓度场进行了系统的研究,并与前人的工作进行了比较和讨论。时均特性测量结果表明,射流主体段下游各断面的速度和浓度横向分布是自相似的,且近似可用高斯分布来表示;随着射流向下游传播,射流中心流速逐渐衰减,在强射流区和弱射流区遵循不同的规律;紊动特性测量结果表明,下游各断面的紊动强度横向分布是自相似的。     

数字水准仪与精密光学水准仪测量精度比较

数字水准仪的出现解决了大地测量仪器中水准仪自动读数与记录问题,对当代测量技术产生了积极的影响.文中介绍了如何采用双频激光干涉仪配合45°平面镜检测数字水准仪的方法,对精密光学水准仪和数字水准仪进行综合精度的评定和比较,并对结果进行了分析.