Dissolved inorganic and organic iodine in the Chesapeake Bay and adjacent Atlantic waters: Speciation changes through an estuarine system

The distributions of iodate, iodide and dissolved organic iodine (DOI) were determined in two deep sub-basins in the Chesapeake Bay, the shallow waters at the mouth of the Bay and the adjacent North Atlantic between the late spring and the early fall along the net flow-path of the water entering and exiting the Chesapeake Bay by using an improved analytical scheme designed for the quantitative recovery of DOI. The concentration of R-DOI found in the surface mixed layer in the upper Bay was about twice of those found at the same location in previous studies. (R-X was the concentration of a dissolved iodine species X that had been normalized to a constant salinity of 35.) Thus, DOI in estuarine waters might have been underestimated significantly in the earlier studies. Following the water along its net flow-path, iodate initially constituted more than 60% of total iodine (TI) in the source water in the Middle Atlantic Bight off the Delmarva Peninsula. As this water entered the Chesapeake Bay through the northern part of its mouth, the concentration of R-iodate decreased while that of R-iodide increased progressively until the former became undetectable in the surface mixed layer while the latter reached a maximum of 0.42 μM in the deep water in the upper Bay. Then, the concentration of R-iodate rebounded while that of R-iodide decreased in the outflowing water that exited through the southern part of the mouth of the Bay and was later entrained by the Gulf Stream. The concentration of R-DOI in the surface waters followed the same pattern as R-iodide and reached a maximum of 0.20 μM in the upper Bay. However, R-DOI was depleted in the deep water in the sub-basins. Its concentration dropped to around the detection limit in the suboxic waters in the upper Bay. R-TI in the Bay far exceeded that in the incoming Middle Atlantic Bight water and reached 0.55 μM in the upper Bay. These distributions of the iodine species suggest that, as water from the Middle Atlantic Bight intruded into the Chesapeake Bay, in the well oxygenated surface mixed layer, iodate was reduced to iodide, and the inorganic iodine species could also be converted to DOI. In the deep water, iodate and DOI were converted to iodide. Superimposed on these inter-conversions among the iodine species, dissolved iodine, possibly in the form of iodide, was also added to the water column from the underlying sediments and the process was especially significant in the suboxic deep water in the upper Bay. Mixing between the surface mixed layer and the deep water could also have increased the concentrations of iodide and total iodine in the former.     

甘肃临泽地区含碘坡缕石碘的提取及其赋存状态研究

XRD分析和全谱拟合定量计算结果表明,甘肃临泽含碘坡缕石矿的物相由坡缕石(70.1%)、白云石(15.7%)、石英(6.6%)以及少量白云母、钠长石和绿泥石组成。尝试采用了不同方法提取矿石中的碘。加热升华法未能使碘从坡缕石矿石中析出,表明碘在矿石中的赋存形式是吸附的离子态,而非分子态。热水浸取法从矿石中提取出的碘十分有限,仅为0.76～2.05μg/g,显示碘与坡缕石结合十分牢固,难以被热水活化。盐酸浸取法从矿石中提取出的碘为190.4～320.5μg/g,提取量与盐酸浸泡的时间成正比,与温度关系不大。在40h的酸浸泡时间内,碘提取量与盐酸浸泡时间的关系曲线呈S型,即初期和末期平缓,而中段较陡。碘释放的时间曲线说明,碘主要来自坡缕石,而非另一主要矿物白云石,因为后者很快被盐酸溶解;此外,盐酸提取碘的时间曲线还表明,甘肃坡缕石中的碘最有可能赋存在载体矿物的晶内隧道孔中,而非矿物表面。盐酸浸取法提取效果好与坡缕石的酸稳定性较差有关,碘的活化与载体矿物被盐酸溶蚀基本同步。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中痕量碘溴硒砷的研究Ⅰ．不同介质及不同阴离子形态对测定信号的影响

研究了半熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定地质样品中痕量碘、溴、硒和砷等非金属元素的可行性。重点研究了不同介质中碘以及溴、砷、硒不同形态对测定信号的影响。比较并讨论了在纯水溶液、0.07mol/LNH     

贵州碘缺乏病区生态地质环境特征

为了探讨贵州碘缺乏病与生态环境关系,对贵州碘缺乏病区岩石、土壤、水及主要粮食作物碘背景含量进行调查研究,总结贵州碘缺乏病分布区生态地质环境特征.重病区主要分布于碘背景含量较低的碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩及浅变质岩分布区;非病区主要分布于碘背景含量相对较高的煤系地层分布区.通过对重病区、轻病区及非病区人群的环境摄碘量估算,反映贵州碘缺乏病分布区生态地质环境普遍碘缺乏.     

Evaluation of stable iodine status of the areas affected by the Chernobyl accident in an epidemiological study in Belarus and the Russian Federation

Variation of the stable iodine supply was evaluated in the soils of around more than 700 settlements in the regions (oblasts) of Belarus and the Russian Federation contaminated after the Chernobyl accident. It involved the use of regional information on iodine content in different types of soil cover, biogeochemical criteria of iodine deficiency in food chains, and the available soil maps.     

贵州碘缺乏病区岩(矿)石地球化学特征研究

为探讨碘缺乏病区环境地质特征,通过对分布区不同类型岩(矿)石环境碘的地球化学特征,以及岩石系统中碘与钙、镁等元素相关性分析研究,认为贵州碘缺乏病分布与地层岩石碘的地球化学特征有关:病区主要分布于碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩以及浅变质岩碘背景含量较低的分布区,非病区主要分布于与煤、紫色岩碘含量较高分布区.分析结果显示:重(轻)病区岩石中钙及钙/碘值明显高于非病区岩石中钙及钙/碘值,而且钙、镁与碘呈负相关关系.     

西南极海沉积物碘的迁移与富集

本文研究了西南极不同地理环境沉积碘的地球化学迁移和富集机制 ,结果表明海湾和深海表层沉积物碘主要与有机质结合 ,但在陆架和半深海 ,与氧化物结合和吸附态碘可占相当大的比例。碘在表层沉积物中迁移的环境特征与铁类似 ,即在还原环境中迁移 ,在氧化环境中转入固相 ,然而碘在沉积物中主要并不是作为电子接受者 ,而是随有机质分解或氧化物还原后被释放进入液相。沉积物表层 I/Corg值高于浮游生物是由于吸附和氧化过程的参与。沉积物 I/Corg值随深度的降低代表了有机质分解 ,氧化物还原 ,粘粒物质解析及间隙水碘扩散的综合效应。沉积物碘的扩散通量与沉积通量在同一数量级水平解释了沉积岩贫碘的原因。根据计算和讨论结果重新提出了海洋沉积物碘迁移和富集的地球化学模式。     

土壤-青菜系统中~(125)Ⅰ的生物地球化学迁移及其动态变化

采用同位素示踪技术研究了土壤-青菜生态系统中125I的生物地球化学迁移与转化机制,并运用箱式模型分析了125I的动态变化。研究结果表明,引入土壤的125I随深度而衰减,绝大部分滞留在土壤0～10cm表层内,125I的滞留量与土壤质地有关;青菜通过根部能很快吸收土壤中的125I,并可将大部分转运至地上部分,青菜各部位125I的富集系数为根>茎>叶柄>叶,嫩叶中富集的125I明显大于老叶;土壤和青菜中125I的动态分布服从指数变化方程,土壤和青菜中的碘可以相向迁移,青菜中碘的积累量即为土壤和青菜中碘迁移量的差值。     

Carius管溶样-标准加入电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中碘

建立了利用Carius管提取与标准加入电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中碘的方法。样品用φ=10%的NH.H2O溶液于密封的Carius管中150℃提取4 h,溶液适当稀释后离心分离沉淀,取出5等份样品上清液,分别加入不同浓度的碘标准储备液,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定溶液中的碘,以126Te作为内标。应用该方法分析了土壤国家一级标准物质GBW07404、GBW 07406、GBW 07407中碘的含量分别为(9.58±0.02)μg/g、(19.83±0.01)μg/g和(18.88±0.03)μg/g。分析结果与标准值相符。碘的检出限为0.02μg/g。     

大同盆地地下水高砷、氟、碘分布规律与成因分析及质量区划

为了对大同盆地地下水中砷、氟、碘等的分布和成因进行分析,开展地下水质量区划,依据地下水污染调查取得的最新系列测试数据,结合以往水文地质和水文地球化学研究成果,编制大同盆地浅层和中深层地下水砷含量、氟含量、碘含量等水化学特征分布图,以直观反映大同盆地地下水高砷、高氟、高碘区的空间分布规律; 通过分析pH值、硫酸根含量、硝酸根含量、铁含量、锰含量与砷的关系,探讨高砷水的形成原因; 根据pH值、钙离子、重碳酸氢根离子与氟的关系,分析氟超标原因; 指出高碘区与高氟区分布的相似性和成因的相似性。研究结果表明,盆地周边高砷、高氟岩层是地下水砷、氟的原生来源,特定的河湖相沉积环境则为砷、碘的富集提供了原生地质条件; 北部地区氟增高与地下水位下降致使黏性土中的氟离子进入含水层有关,中部地区高氟与土壤盐渍化有关; 中部富含淤泥质黏土的湖相地层是碘富集的原生地质因素,冲积洼地地下水径流条件滞缓是碘富集的水动力因素; 干旱气候条件下强烈的蒸发浓缩作用亦是高氟、高碘地下水形成的重要因素。依据砷、氟、碘、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总含盐量(total dissolved salt,TDS)、总硬度、氨氮等单组分含量分布,利用GIS空间分析功能,进行了大同盆地浅层和中深层地下水质量区划,可为当地地下水开发利用提供地学依据。