用区间套定理证明闭区间上连续函数的性质

用数学分析中的区间套定理证明了闭区间上连续函数的四个定理。     

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华山北麓断层崖与大地震重复周期分析

本文应用断层崖的地貌学研究方法,详细地论述了华山北簏断裂断层崖特征。通过断层崖坡折点、冲沟裂点、阶地以及断层崖上残留的砾石层等相互对比,估计了断层崖的年龄、大震重复周期及断层活动的幅度。结果表明,断层崖地貌学方法所确定的地震重复周期与渭河盆地历史记载强震复发周期相吻合。     

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红河断裂带中段北探槽古地震及其标志性地层佐证

探槽方法能够揭露地质记录中保存的古地震事件,可弥补仪器地震及历史地震记录的短暂性及局限性。文章通过数字影像分析、地质地貌调查,在红河断裂带中段北变形遗迹保存较好的德苴乡大丫口村段开挖了一个大型组合探槽。根据探槽剖面揭露的断裂信息以及断裂切、盖地层关系分析,组合探槽共揭露出了3次古地震事件,从老到新命名为E1、E2和E3。利用OxCal软件对古地震事件断错地层及覆盖地层中的炭屑样品AMS ¹⁴C测年结果进行校正分析,3次古地震事件分别限定在约1190 BC、341~126 BC和1460~1784 A.D.,最新一次事件E3应对应1652年弥渡M7地震。其中年龄限定较好的两次事件E2、E3的复发间隔约1800~2000 a表明,红河断裂中段北具有复发周期较长的特征。基于铁锰结核很可能是历史上新构造运动地质作用下,土壤环境巨大波动条件下形成的认识,以及组合探槽中揭露的标志性地层——铁锰结核层中多个炭屑样品年龄均为全新世,进一步佐证了红河断裂中段北在全新世期间曾有过多次强地震活动。

     

The value of high-resolution nutrient monitoring: A case study of the River Frome, Dorset, UK

The River Frome was sampled at sub-daily sampling interval, with additional storm sampling, through an annual cycle. Samples were analysed for total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total oxidisable nitrogen (TON) and dissolved reactive silicon (Si). The resulting data set was artificially decimated to mimic sampling frequencies from 12 h to monthly time interval. Monthly sampling interval resulted in significant errors in the estimated annual TP and SRP load of up to 35% and 28% respectively, and the resulting data sets were insufficient to observe peaks in P concentration in response to storm events. Weekly sampling reduced the maximum percentage errors in annual load estimate to 15.4% and 6.5%. TON and silicon concentrations were less variable with changing river flow, and monthly sampling was sufficient to predict annual load estimates to within 10%. However, to investigate within-river nutrient dynamics and behaviour, it is suggested that a weekly sampling interval would be the minimum frequency required for TON and Si studies, and daily sampling would be a minimum requirement to adequately investigate phosphorus dynamics. The loss in nutrient-concentration signal due to reduced sampling interval is presented. Hysteresis in the nutrient concentration/flow relationships for all 32 storm events during the study period were modelled and seasonal patterns discussed to infer nutrient sources and behaviour. The high-resolution monitoring in this study identified, for the first time, major peaks in phosphorus concentration in winter that coincide with sudden falls in air temperature, and was associated with biofilm breakdown. This study has shown that to understand complex catchment nutrient processes, accurately quantify nutrient exports from catchments, and observe changes in water quality as a result of nutrient mitigation efforts over time, it is vital that the newly emerging field-based automated sampler/analyzer technologies begin to be deployed, to allow for routine high-resolution monitoring of our rivers in the future.     

隧道衬砌随机分析的区间有限元法

隧道衬砌结构内力计算中,围岩的力学参数和结构的参数具有不确定性,同时,其不确定性是有界的。对于这些参数的不确定性,在工程上可以用一个合理的区间数值来估计。对于单个随机变量,可以采用有限元方程来求解结构内力;而对于多个随机变量的情况,考虑到计算模型的不确定性和数学求解的复杂性,利用有限元程序来导出各变量对结构内力的作用效应,进而得到不同参数组合的区间值,最终确定隧道衬砌的结构内力区间值,为隧道衬砌结构内力的计算和工程应用提供一种新方法。     

Surface Rupture and Coseismic Displacement of the M_S7.1 Yushu Earthquake

On April 14,2010,a devastating earthquake measured 7.1 on the Richter scale struck Yushu county,Qinghai Province,China.Field geological investigation and remote sensing interpretation show that this earthquake generated an inverse L-shaped surface rupture zone,approximately 50km long.The surface rupture zone can be divided into three segments.Between the northern and middle segments of the surface rupture,there is a 16km-long segment,where no rupture was observed.The middle and the southern segments are arr...     

零偏移距VSP资料层Q反演及其应用研究(英文)

地层品质因子Q的可用于地震资料高分辨率处理,而从VSP资料下行直达波更容易获取准确的地层品质因子。通过对零偏移距VSP资料的监控子波和下行初至波的频谱进行综合分析,仿照Ricker子波频谱的表达式,本文提出了震源子波频谱新的表达式。在震源子波频谱新的表达式基础上,我们介绍了改进的频谱拟合法和改进的谱比法的层Q值反演方法及相应的处理流程。基于本文提出的层Q值反演方法,利用实际的零偏移距VSP资料的下行直达波,反演稳定的层Q值,并用于零偏移距VSP资料及井旁地面地震资料的反Q滤波振幅补偿处理,提高了地震资料的分辨率。