福建沿海海域波浪能资源分析与评价

采用波浪模拟的方法,较准确计算得出福建沿海海域波浪能资源分布状况,并给出相应的分析和综合评价.主要结论如下:(1)福建沿海海域波浪能平均密度为2.6～7.3 kW/m,波浪能资源储量为2 210.45 MW,在我国沿海海域仅次于台湾和广东,是波浪能开发利用可以优先考虑的海区之一.(2)福建沿海海域波浪能资源储量的70%分布于平潭岛以北海域,其值达1 512.49 MW.其中,尤以北礵地区值最大,为378.80 MW.(3)以年平均波高为指标,福建沿海海域中东山区段为三类区,其他区段均为一类区和二类区,具有良好的开发前景.(4)福建沿海海域波浪能具有波功率密度低、资源分布广泛且不均匀、波功率密度随季节变化、能量具有多向性等分布特点.(5)基于福建波浪能的开发与利用现状,建议应优先着眼于解决边远海岛等特殊场所的用电问题.     

2003-2004年浙江沿岸海域浮游植物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

2003年夏季和2004年夏、秋季,分别在浙江沿岸海域10m等深线(以下称内侧海域)和50 m等深线(禁渔线附近,以下称外侧海域)处共设置37个站位,对采集于大、小潮汛期间的浮游植物样品进行了种类组成、优势种、细胞丰度分布和群落结构特征的调查研究,并分析了其分布特征与环境因子的关系.结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游植物3...     

中街山水域虾类组成及其群落多样性

根据2010~2011年中街山列岛水域4个季节的渔业资源调查资料,分析了该水域虾类资源密度和群落多样性,并探讨了底层温度、底层盐度和水深对虾类数量分布和多样性的影响.结果表明:共有虾类20种,隶属于9科18属;广温广盐种无论在种类数还是尾数密度与生物量均占主导地位;虾类生物量和尾数密度在季节分布上,以冬季最高,冬季均与春、夏和秋三季呈显著差异(p值<0.05);平面分布上,生物量与密度指数总体上呈南北高、中间低,东部高西部低的特征;生物量与平均底温显著相关(P<0.05),与平均底盐和水深相关性较差(p值>0.05);葛氏长臂虾、细巧仿对虾、中国毛虾、日本鼓虾和中华管鞭虾为四季的优势种,且均属广温广盐种;虾类群落Margalef丰富度指数为0.61~1.09,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.76~1.31,Pielou均匀度指数为0.50~0.70,其中丰富度指数和多样性指数春季与冬季均存在显著差异(P<0.05),均匀度指数秋季与冬季存在显著差异(p值<0.05).     

智利外海茎柔鱼耳石生长特性的性别差异研究

根据2007年1~6月和2008年1~5月我国鱿钓船在智利外海调查期间采集的茎柔鱼耳石样本,测量了503枚耳石外部形态参数(雌性348枚,雄性155枚),结合耳石日轮,对耳石生长特性的性别差异进行了研究.结果表明,耳石总长(TSL)、耳石半径(SR)、吻侧区长(RLL)、翼长(WL)及最大宽度(MW)可作为茎柔鱼耳石形态的表征参数.雌雄个体间耳石的生长在5个形态参数上均存在显著性差异,雌性个体 TSL 与日龄间关系最适为指数函数, SR 和 RLL 为幂函数, MW 和 WL 则为线性函数;雄性个体的 TSL、SR 和 RLL 与日龄间的关系最适为幂函数, MW 和 WL 为线性函数.雌性个体 TSL、SR、MW、RLL、WL 的相对生长率和SR、RLL 绝对生长率均随着日龄的增加而先增加后减小, TSL、MW 绝对生长率随着日龄的增加而增加,WL绝对生长率则随着日龄增加而呈现波动趋势;雄性个体 TSL、SR 相对生长率和 MW、RLL、WL 绝对生长率随着日龄增加先增加后减小,而 MW、RLL 和 WL 相对生长率和 TSL、SR 绝对生长率则随日龄增加呈现波动趋势.研究认为,茎柔鱼耳石生长存在性别差异,通常雌性生长较雄性快     

南沙北部灯光罩网与金枪鱼延绳钓联合探捕

2010年7月利用灯光罩网和延绳钓对南沙北部海域进行了初步的渔业资源调查,报道了该海域的鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)和金枪鱼的渔获与分布状况。灯光罩网平均CPUE 63.90 kg/网,主要渔获物为鸢乌贼,占总产量的67.57%,平均胴长122 mm,质量89.6 g;延绳钓平均CPUE为18.19 kg/百钩,其中大目金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)3.24 kg/百钩、短鳍斜齿鲨(Scoliodon Palasorrah)10.46 kg/百钩,渔获尾数较多的为帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)和黑魟(Dasyatis atratus),分别占总数的39.13%和26.09%。提出南沙金枪鱼捕捞采用延绳钓与灯光罩网联合方式的建议。     

Behavioral responses of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to playbacks of broadband pile driving sounds

The high under-water sound pressure levels (SPLs) produced during pile driving to build offshore wind turbines may affect harbor porpoises. To estimate the discomfort threshold of pile driving sounds, a porpoise in a quiet pool was exposed to playbacks (46 strikes/min) at five SPLs (6 dB steps: 130–154 dB re 1 μPa). The spectrum of the impulsive sound resembled the spectrum of pile driving sound at tens of kilometers from the pile driving location in shallow water such as that found in the North Sea. The animal's behavior during test and baseline periods was compared. At and above a received broadband SPL of 136 dB re 1 μPa [zero-peak sound pressure level: 151 dB re 1 μPa; t₉₀: 126 ms; sound exposure level of a single strike (SEL_ss): 127 dB re 1 μPa² s] the porpoise's respiration rate increased in response to the pile driving sounds. At higher levels, he also jumped out of the water more often. Wild porpoises are expected to move tens of kilometers away from offshore pile driving locations; response distances will vary with context, the sounds' source level, parameters influencing sound propagation, and background noise levels.     

厦门海域鱼类群落分类学多样性的研究

根据厦门海域鱼类种类组成历史资料和调查资料,系统整理了厦门海域的鱼类总名录和现有名录,并应用分类学等级多样性指数和分类差异变异指数分析了厦门海域鱼类群落分类学多样性的时空变化。结果表明:厦门海域有记录鱼类共649种;现有鱼类有331种,隶属2纲22目90科181属,其中软骨鱼纲共5目9科9属15种,辐鳍鱼纲共17目81科172属316种。厦门海域鱼类总名录的等级多样性指数Δ+和分类差异变异指数Λ+分别为79.267和220.96;现有鱼类群落分类多样性指数Δ+和分类差异指数Λ+分别为77.504和245.34。分类多样性指数Δ+在冬、春季较高,秋季次之,而夏季最低;而分类差异指数Λ+夏季较高,秋季次之,冬春季较低。秋季和冬季鱼类组成的相似度最高,其次为夏季,最后为春季。与历史总名录相比,厦门海域的现有鱼类群落分类学范围较小,生态幅变窄,群落稳定性较差。     

逐步判别分析法在海洋水质评价中的应用

针对粤西海域海洋水质评价这一问题,依照GB 3097-1997《国家海水水质标准》建立一个由400个站位组成、每个站位包含13个水质指标信息的假设随机样本,利用逐步判别分析法,在随机样本的13个水质指标中按其对水质分类判别能力的大小进行筛选,最终选出化学需氧量、石油类、镉、总磷、总氮这5个具有显著判别能力的指标,并利用这5个指标建立判别函数及水质分类图版,进而克服水质指标数据引入过多对水质评价模型的不利影响。利用上述水质分类图版对粤西海域2010年40个站位的水质状况进行了评价,对比海洋与渔业环境监测站的水质分类结果,其正确率为95%,说明该水质分类图版具有良好的实际应用效果,可作为解决利用多水质指标信息综合评价海洋水质这一问题的有效方法。     

Phytoplankton production and adaptation in the vicinity of Pemba and Zanzibar islands,Tanzania

Phytoplankton production and physiology were investigated at six selected locations during a research cruise in early October 2007 in Tanzanian coastal waters. The dataset included photosynthesis– irradiance and active fluorescence parameters, phytoplankton absorption coefficients, and pigment concentrations. Primary production was estimated to vary over the range 0.79–1.89 g C m^?2 d^?1. Diagnostic pigments indicated that micro–nanophytoplankton comprised the communities at three stations and nano–picoplankton at the other three stations. At all stations, the populations maximised their photosynthesis in the upper water column under elevated irradiance and low nutrient conditions. Significant photosynthetic activity was also observed at depth under very low light where the communities increased their quantum yield of photochemistry and the proportion of accessory chlorophylls b and c and photosynthetic carotenoids.     

Prediction of Salmonella in seawater by total and faecal coliforms and Enterococci

The power of total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC) and Enterococci to predict the presence of Salmonella in seawater was investigated. Indicator cut-off values with the most satisfactory combination of sensitivity and specificity in predicting Salmonella presence were 1000 CFU 100 ml⁻¹ TC, 200 CFU 100 ml⁻¹ FC, 500 CFU 100 ml⁻¹ Enterococci. When TC or FC were used for Salmonella prediction in logistic regression, then the addition of another indicator did not have a statistically significant effect. When Enterococci were used for prediction, then the addition of either of the two other indicators led to a statistically significant improvement (P = 0.001 for TC, P = 0.003 for FC). These results suggest that using either TC or FC alone provided an adequate indicator of Salmonella presence, but a statistically significant improvement is possible over using Enterococci alone. Concerning Enterococci, European Union limits for excellent coastal water quality (100 CFU 100 ml⁻¹) and United States Environmental Protection Agency criteria for marine bathing waters (35 CFU 100 ml⁻¹) have the same value in predicting Salmonella absence (92.5%).