准噶尔盆地腹部非均一捕获包裹体研究

不少学者在准噶尔盆地腹部储层砂岩样品中检测到大量的明显高于样品所处地层经历的最高温度的包裹体均一温度数据。经作者研究发现,具有异常高均一温度的包裹体多为捕获自油水非均一体系的三相包裹体,显微镜下即可观察到包裹体内含有气相、液相油和液相水三相,油相在紫外光下发黄色荧光,气相和水相不发荧光,在不同井J₁s、J₁b样品中均有分布,且丰度极高,主要赋存于颗粒愈合裂隙及溶蚀成因的愈合微溶孔和颗粒次生加大边中,多与气态烃包裹体、含气态烃盐水包裹体、盐水包裹体以及纯液体包裹体等不同类型的包裹体共生,均一温度主要分布在130~200℃之间,无明显规律性。综合分析表明,这类包裹体形成于始新世-中新世时研究区内油气调整过程中迁移的油水过渡带中。根据共生的含气态烃盐水包 裹体均一温度,结合埋藏史和热演化史,恢复了包裹体捕获时,为38~17Ma,且浅 部比深部地层中包裹体形成时间较晚,代表了古油水界面到达某一深度的不同时间。     

基于速度估计的改进型线性变换有限差分偏移在探地雷达中的应用

为了解决传统线性变换有限差分偏移算法对变速介质的高敏感性问题,对加入了速度变量的标量波动方程进行线性变换,在横向非均匀介质条件下,详细推导了包含混合因子项的线性变换差分偏移方程,实现了横向非均匀介质中陡倾角反射界面的正确归位,同时改进型算法可以灵活地选择混合因子项,这样就增强了原算法对复杂地质问题的适应能力,在此基础上结合速度估计算法,减小多次尝试输入法所产生的误差,提出一种基于速度估计的改进型线性变换有限差分偏移算法,并用该算法对实测探地雷达剖面进行了偏移处理,通过对比偏移前后的雷达资料得知,当横向非均匀介质中同时存在多次反射质点和主体反射层时,改进的偏移算法能有效地提高雷达剖面的偏移精度.     

中朝地台东北缘地区的地震层析成像

Based on 38?000 P wave arrival times recorded during the period of 1980 to 1997 in the northeast margin area of Sino Korean platform （117°00′\126°00′E, 36°00′\44°00′N） the 3D velocity structures of the crust and upper mantle have been reconstructed by using orthogonal projection. The tomography results have been proved to be reliable by analyzing and comparing in detail the results with the deep seismic prospecting profiles. It is shown that there exists obvious lateral inhomogeneity in the medium of the crust and upper mantle which is still distinct even at the 120km depth in the northeast margin area of Sino Korean platform. It is reflected clearly in the velocity image of the upper crust that the distribution of all kinds of rock elements corresponds to that of rocks with different nature in this area. Several lower velocity anomaly regions （i.e. regions with velocity reversed layer） have been discovered in the studied area from the velocity images of upper and middle crust, such as Haicheng, Chaoyang?Yixian, south of Dandong, Tangshan etc., among which the lower velocity layers in Haicheng, Tangshan, Chaoyang have also been proved by the deep seismic sounding data. In the area several strong continental earthquakes all happened in crispy medium with higher velocity above lower velocity layers in the crust, whereas in Bohai sea all strong earthquakes happened in positions where the medium velocity changes abruptly and clearly in horizontal. At different depth, Pulandian Shanhaiguan lower velocity anomaly zone across Bohai sea with strike NW has been found. Comparison of the velocity images obtained from 2D seismic tomography with that from deep seismic sounding data, we can consider to gain similar effect with deep seismic sounding by taking advantage of seismic tomography under certain condition in this area.     

长江三角洲地区地磁短周期变化异常的描述及解释

在长江三角洲地区进行了地磁短周期变化的观测,对资料的分析表明,该区域地磁短周期变化存在一非对称异常．其负异常较大,中心位于无锡、常熟一带;其正异常较小,中心位于海安与大丰之间．异常出现的周期为１００—３６００ｓ,并在１２０ｓ处取极大值．二维模型拟合表明,在该地区存在一由北向南上升的地下高导层．该高导层在溧阳、无锡、余山一线消失．这恰是溧阳、崇明大断裂之所在．该地区地表还存在有厚度为３００ｍ的高导覆盖层．     

地面核磁共振三维响应影响因素

传统的核磁共振激发场的计算中,很少考虑三维地下介质的电性变化以及发射线圈姿态对激发场的影响,笔者借助地面核磁共振三维有限元正演模拟,开展了核磁共振三维响应影响因素分析.首先,基于三维有限元方法实现了非均匀介质条件下地面核磁共振激发场的计算,以便于分析介质电性变化对核磁共振响应的影响;其次,在源的加载过程采用近似函数来等效场源的作用,使之能够适用于不同发射回线激发的情况,进而利用旋转矩阵实现垂直地磁场分量的计算;最后通过不同条件下核磁共振响应的计算,分析了盖层电阻率、含水体背景电阻率、局部不均匀体以及发射线圈姿态等参数对核磁共振信号的影响.计算结果表明:核磁共振响应对高阻盖层电阻率变化不敏感;低阻含水体背景对核磁共振响应的影响较大;异常体规模越大,对核磁响应的影响越大,对于一定规模的异常体,低阻条件下的核磁共振响应差异明显;与电性参数变化相比,不同的发射线圈姿态对核磁信号影响更大,野外应考虑线圈姿态影响.     

水平层状非均质横向同性地层中阵列多分量感应测井响应的快速计算

应用模式匹配算法研究建立水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应测井响应的快速算法.首先,利用Fourier级数展开法将多分量感应响应的数值模拟转化为三个轴对称问题,并利用电阻率径向导数的奇异表达式,引入两个附加奇异微分算子,用于描述柱状分界面上的积累面电荷对共面线圈系电磁响应的影响.然后通过模式匹配算法求解轴对称问题,得到水平层状非均质横向同性地层中多分量感应磁场的半解析解以及测井响应计算方法,最后通过数值模拟结果对该算法进行检验并进一步考察阵列多分量感应仪器的响应特征.     

非均匀应力场下的铲状正断层带位移场和应力场特征

本文利用新的有限元方法研究了铲状正断层带在非均匀应力场下错动引起的位移场和应力场。研究发现：① 铲状正断层错动引起的断层面上的最大错距不是发生在地表,而是发生地表下面断层的中部;② 地表面最大水平位移和垂直位移都不是发生在地表断层上,而是发生在偏离断层一定距离的地方;③ 铲状正断层错动会在地表附近产生两个破裂区,一个在地表断层附近,一个在远离断层的上盘地表附近,这两个区与野外观测到的次生正断层区一致;④ 断层错动的应力降在断层内不是均匀的,最大值也是位于断层中部。     

Seismic response analysis of laterally inhomogeneous ground with emphasis on strains

The objective of this paper is to make it clear how strain behaviors are affected by the lateral inhomogeneity of ground based on both theoretical simulation and array observation of earthquake motions. We use a two-dimensional pseudo-spectral method to numerically obtain strain motions as well as acceleration motions. We applied the method to some model grounds, which have typical inhomogeneity in the horizontal direction, to estimate general features of strains and accelerations. In addition, the technique was also applied to a site where subsurface irregularity is typically found and an array observation system of earthquake motions was densely deployed. In the latter application of the method, we placed emphasis on comparisons between the observed and simulated motions.     

On the motion of a mass point inside a rotating inhomogeneous ellipsoidal body

The plane motion of a mass point inside an inhomogeneous rotating ellipsoidal body with a homothetic density distribution is considered. The force function of the problem is expanded in terms of the ellipsoid's second eccentricities up to the fourth order, which are taken as small parameters. We derive an expression for the perturbing function and solve the equations of perturbed motion in orbital elements.     

A Class of higher dimensional spherically symmetric cosmological model in Lyra geometry

Exact analytical solutions are obtained for a higher dimensional spherically symmetric inhomogeneous metric in presence of a mass-less scalar field with a flat potential within the framework of Lyra geometry. Assuming a homogeneous scalar field, we have shown that the metric can be reduced to a generalized FRW type.