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51.
52.
The Rio do Peixe Basin is part of a series of aborted Cretaceous rifts formed within the Proterozoic Borborema Province, onshore NE Brazil in response to rifting between Africa and South America. The basin is remarkably well-imaged and comprises fault-bounded depocentres, the main ones being the NE-oriented Brejo das Freiras and the E–W-oriented Sousa half-grabens. These grabens and their bounding faults are influenced by Neoproterozoic basement shear zones and present a complex framework of secondary normal faults and folds. Recent workers also interpret large reverse faults and regional post-rift shortening driven by far-field stresses from the Andes. For those reasons, the basin represents an ideal setting to investigate the multiphase history of rift basins. We thus combine borehole-calibrated 2D and 3D seismic and magnetic data with section restoration and numerical modelling to investigate the architecture and evolution of this basin. We aim to understand: (i) the controls of the basement fabric in 3D fault architecture and kinematics and (ii) how syn-rift faults controlled the geometry and development of fault-related folds. By doing this, we also investigate the timing, kinematics, and magnitude of inversion in the basin to explore its multiphase history. We demonstrate that (i) the basement fabric controlled not only the strike of faults but also their geometry and polarity at depth, (ii) folds in the syn-rift sequence are attributed simply to syn-rift extension along stepped and/or curved faults, and (iii) inverted and/or reverse faults occur within the basin, but these are minor and appear to have formed during rifting. We explain this minor inversion by a change in plate kinematics related to the onset of the nearby transform margin to the north. These results have implications for understanding the 3D evolution of oblique grabens, the role of structural inheritance, and the recognition of inversion- versus extension-related folds in rift basins worldwide.  相似文献   
53.
在现代信息技术和空间技术高速发展的今天,区域地质调查工作过程的数字化已经成为一种必然趋势,它能更好地实现信息共享和数据更新,为地质工作服务.区域地质图空间数据库的建设为基础地质调查规划部署、地方资金找矿勘探提供了重要的数据支撑,是地质调查成果数字化、信息化及国土资源部数字化工程的重要组成部分.通过对数字地质图空间数据库的组织模型、空间存储及属性继承、辅助建库工具、质量监控的阐述,为建库提供了技术保障,保证了数据的精度,有效提高了建库效率.  相似文献   
54.
A 3D structural modelling of the Permian–Mesozoic Polish Basin was performed in order to understand its structural and sedimentary evolution, which led to basin maturation (Permian–Cretaceous) and its tectonic inversion (Late Cretaceous–Paleogene). The model is built on the present-day structure of the basin and comprises 13 horizons within the Permian to Quaternary rocks. The analysis is based on 3D depth views and thickness maps. The results image the basin-scale symmetry, the perennial localization of the NW–SE-oriented basin axis, the salt movements due to tectonics and/or burial, and the transverse segmentation of the Polish Basin. From these observations, we deduce that salt structures are correlated to the main faults and tectonic events. From the model analysis, we interpret the stress conditions, the timing, and the geometry of the tectonic inversion of the Polish Basin into a NW–SE-oriented central horst (Mid-Polish Swell) bordered by two lateral troughs. Emphasis is placed on the Zechstein salt, considering its movements during the Mesozoic sedimentation and its decoupling effect during the tectonic inversion. Moreover, we point to the structural control of the Paleozoic basement and the crustal architecture (Teisseyre–Tornquist Zone) on the geometry of the Polish Basin and the Mid-Polish Swell.  相似文献   
55.
利用最新的钻井、地震资料,对东非凯瑞巴斯盆地(Kerimbas Basin)进行构造–地层解释和构造演化过程恢复。结果显示,凯瑞巴斯盆地共发育了4期构造变形:(1)二叠纪–早侏罗世晚期的冈瓦纳陆内裂谷活动,全区发生伸展构造变形;(2)早侏罗世晚期–早白垩世晚期马达加斯加向南漂移,全区发生右行走滑变形;(3)新发现晚白垩世局部伸展构造变形;(4)中新世–第四纪的东非裂谷海域分支活动,导致研究区发生第三期伸展构造变形,形成凯瑞巴斯盆地现今地堑形态。三期伸展构造变形的应力方向均为近E-W向,断层展布方向均为近S-N向。每一期构造变形的范围,强度及对沉积地层的控制作用差异显著。凯瑞巴斯盆地控坳断层活动具有继承性。基于研究结果,建立凯瑞巴斯盆地构造成因模式。冈瓦纳陆内裂谷活动有利于二叠系–下侏罗统构造圈闭的形成,并沟通了烃源岩和储层,有利深层油气的聚集;东非裂谷海域分支裂谷活动沟通了前新生界烃源岩和西部陆坡古近系储层,但同时也破坏了盆地内及东部的圈闭。断层不发育的西部陆坡为主要油气聚集区。  相似文献   
56.
周根陶  郑永飞 《地质学报》2001,75(2):267-276
本文通过“一步法”和“两步法”的“附晶生长法”分别合成了碳酸钙矿物,对其进行了同质多象转变过程中的氧同位素分馏行为的研究。同时通过真空条件下的同质多象转变实验,对文石和方解石的酸分馏系数的差异进行了实验验证。结果发现:①在50℃和70℃下,如果文石与水之间的氧同位素分馏未达到平衡,由母体文石经过同质多象转变生成的次生方解石完全继承的母体矿物的氧同位素组成。如果文石与水之间的氧同位素分馏达到平衡,由互过同质多象转变生成的次生方解石部分继承母体文石的氧同位素组成,并且次生方解石相对于母体文石富集^18O。②在0℃和25℃下,“一步法”的“附晶生长法”的实验结果表明,由六方方解石经过同质多象转变生成的次生方解石也完全继承母体矿物的氧同位素组成,并且在该温度下,矿物与水之间的氧同位素分馏与温度无关。  相似文献   
57.
北祁连-河西地区垂直形变场演化与地震活动关系研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
基于 1972~ 2 0 0 0年北祁连 -河西地区的垂直形变观测资料 ,分析研究了该区垂直形变场的演化及其与地震的关系 ,得到如下结论 :1本区构造运动近 30年来的演化过程为逆继承性运动 -继承性运动增强 -持续继承性运动 -逆继承性运动 -继承性运动这样一个“旋回”过程 ,继承性运动是构造运动的总趋势 ;2垂直形变场演化与地震活动强弱存在一定的相关性 ,但地震活动强弱明显“滞后”于地壳运动 ;31995~ 2 0 0 0年构造运动恢复继承性运动 ,且山区与盆地的差异性运动较 1989~ 1995年有所增强 ,表明本区构造应力场有强化趋势 ,未来几年祁连构造带中东段有发生中强地震的可能。  相似文献   
58.
基于可视化的界面生成系统设计与实现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于可视化的界面生成系统是随着编程工具的不断发展和完善而出现的,它使界面设计变得直观、容易,从而程序员就可以从复杂的界面设计中解脱出来,集中主要精力来实现程序的实际功能。详细介绍了一个界面生成系统的设计过程,重点讨论了系统关键部分设计、设计思想及MFC编程的一些技术问题。最后对系统的性能作出评价,并提出改进的方向。  相似文献   
59.
Partial melting and reactive melt transport may change the composition, microstructures, and physical properties of mantle rocks. Here we explore the relations between deformation and reactive melt transport through detailed microstructural analysis and crystallographic orientation measurements in spinel peridotite xenoliths that sample the shallow lithospheric mantle beneath the southeastern rim of the Siberian craton. These xenoliths have coarse-grained, annealed microstructures and show petrographic and chemical evidence for variable degrees of reaction with silicate melts and fluids, notably Fe-enrichment and crystallization of metasomatic clinopyroxene (cpx). Olivine crystal preferred orientations (CPO) range from strong to weak. [010]-fiber patterns, characterized by a point concentration of [010] normal to the foliation and by dispersion of [100] in the foliation plane with a weak maximum parallel to the lineation, predominate relative to the [100]-fiber patterns usually observed in lithospheric mantle xenoliths and peridotite massifs. Variations in olivine CPO patterns or intensity are not correlated with modal and chemical compositions. This, together with the analysis of microstructures, suggests that reactive melt percolation postdated both deformation and static recrystallization. Preferential crystallization of metasomatic cpx along (010) olivine grain boundaries points to an influence of the preexisting deformation fabrics on melt transport, with higher permeability along the foliation. Similarity between orthopyroxene (opx) and cpx CPO suggests that cpx orientations may be inherited from those of opx during melt-rock reaction. As observed in previous studies, reactive melt transport does not weaken olivine CPO and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle, except in melt accumulation domains. In contrast, recovery and selective grain growth during static recrystallization may lead to development of [010]-fiber olivine CPO and, if foliations are horizontal, result in apparent isotropy for vertically propagating SKS waves, but strong anisotropy for horizontally propagating surface waves.  相似文献   
60.
The goal of this study was to determine the main factors that controlled the kinematic evolution and the structural architecture developed during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic rifting that led to the opening of the Neuquén basin in the southwestern sector of Gondwana. We carried out a series of analog models to simulate an extensional system with a bent geometry similar to the northeastern border of the basin. In different experiments, we varied the extension direction between NNE (N10°E) and NE (N45°E) orientations, inducing rift systems with different degrees of obliquity in each sector of the extended area. We compared the kinematic evolution and the final structural architecture observed in the experiments with data from two selected representative areas of the basin: (1) the Atuel depocenter, situated in the northern Andean sector, and (2) the Entre Lomas area, situated in the northeastern Neuquén Embayment. In both cases, the good match between the field and subsurface data and the results of the analog models supports a NNE orientation of the regional extension (N30°E–N20°E) during the synrift stage. Our experimental results suggest that lithospheric weakness zones of NNW to NW trend could have controlled and localized the extension in the Neuquén basin. These previous anisotropies were linked to the sutures and rheological contrasts generated during the collision of terranes against the southwestern margin of Gondwana during the Paleozoic, as well as further modifications of the thermo-mechanical state of the lithosphere during the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic evolution.  相似文献   
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