基于典型事例推理的路径规划方法研究

提出了把基于典型事例推理的智能方法应用到路径规划过程中。在结合道路网络知识的基础上,定义了典型事例,并基于事例进行了推理。实验结果表明,该算法减少了搜索空间,加快了搜索速度,并满足人们喜欢在熟悉路径上行驶的偏好。     

The world,the computer,and the mind: how Andrew Frank helped make human language and cognition cornerstones of geographic information science

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, cognitive science was included as one of the key disciplines in the emerging multidisciplinary field of geographic information science (GIScience). One of the key proponents and popularizers of the study of human cognition as part of GIScience – and one of its major researchers – has been Andrew U. Frank. In this essay, we review the history of Andrew Frank’s role as an innovator and champion for cognitive GIScience, and summarize some of his research contributions in this domain. Taken along with his contributions to other areas of GIScience, this review shows that Andrew Frank has been one of the primary figures in modern GIScience, and among its very broadest and intellectually-diverse contributors.     

A New Method to Predict Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate with Natural Geographical Factors and Location by Case-based Reasoning: A Case Study of China

Reference values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)are the key to interpret ESR blood test in clinic.The common local reference ESR values are more accuracy in blood test that are established with natural geographical factors by using the multiple linear regression(MLR)model and the artificial neural network(ANN).These knowledge-based methods have limitations since the knowledge domains of ESR and natural geographical factors are limited.This paper presents a new cases-depended model to establish reference ESR values with natural geographical factors and location using case-based reasoning(CBR)since knowledge domain of ESR and geographical factors is weak.Overall 224 local normal ESR values of China that calculated from 13623 samples were obtained,and the corresponding natural geographical factors and location that include altitude,sunshine hours,relative humidity,temperature,precipitation,annual temperature range and annual average wind speed were obtained from the National Geomatics Center of China.CBR was used to predict the unseen local reference ESR values with cases.The average absolute deviation(AAD),mean square error(MSE),prediction accuracy(PA),and Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the observed and estimated data of proposed model is 33.07%,9.02,66.93% and 0.78,which are better than those of ANN and MLR model.The results show that the proposed model provides higher prediction accuracy than those of the artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models.The predicted values are very close to the observed values.Model results show significant agreement of cases data.Consequently,the model is used to predict the unseen local reference ESR with natural geographical factors and location.In spatial,the highest ESR reference areas are distributed in the southern-western district of China that includes Sichuan,Chongqing,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces,and the reference ESR values are greater than 23 mm/60 min.The higher ESR reference values are distributed in the middle part and northern-eastern of China which include Hubei,Henan,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces,and the reference ESR values are greater than 18 mm/60min.The lowest ESR reference values are distributed in the northern-western of China that includes Tibet and Xinjiang,and the reference ESR values are lower than 5 mm/60min.     

基于云推理的年降水量预测

预测未来年的降水量是对旱情做出预警并采取合理抗旱措施的重要前提,但如何获得准确的预测值一直是研究的热点。降水随时间的变化通常具有随机性和模糊性,而云模型是在传统模糊数学和概率统计的基础上建立起来的,能够实现不确定概念与定量数值之间的自然转化,通过年降水量历史数据及当前趋势挖掘并制定出相应规则,从而推理获得未来年份的降水量。在此基础上,提出了基于小波消噪预处理和理论频率曲线修正的云推理预测模型,并将其运用到了西安市年降水量的预测当中。从所得结果来看,降水量预测值能较好的反映其年际变化规律,模型预测精度得到了很大提高,基本可将误差控制在30%以内。     

An evidential reasoning-based sustainability index for water resources management

ABSTRACT

Evidential reasoning (ER) is introduced as a new basis for developing and implementing sustainability indices (SI). The ER-based evaluations keep the merits of previous well-known sustainability indices and provide added values such as more accurate grade-based assessment and aggregation of performance criteria. The proposed modifications significantly improve the capability of the SI to scrutinize and differentiate various water-supply conditions. Available data from Gorganrud-Qaresou basin, northern Iran, are used to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of the sustainability index. The results of the proposed method are compared with two water resources sustainability indices with similar concepts but different bases. It is shown that the ER-based SI can better distinguish undesirable water-supply scenarios.     

空间目标的方向关系定性推理

由于空间问题固有的复杂性和不确定性,空间关系的描述和推理普遍采用定性的方法来符合人们的认知。方向关系是一类重要的空间关系,以往对方向关系的定性推理大多在2个参照系下进行,将目标对象抽象为点或者认为目标的大小近似相等。为了更细致地推理方向关系,提出四种不同情况下基于1个参照系的定性方向关系推理方法,并就本方法存在的问题和今后的研究方向提出了一些看法和思路。     

比较归纳法用于英语类似项目探讨

类似 (易混淆 )项目普遍存在于英语学习中 ,它们对这门语言的习得有很大的负面影响。本文试图分析这种现象的本质 ,引出英语类似项目表层与深层结构概念的定义 ,根据类似项目的特点探讨一种与其相适应的比较归纳分析法 ,以便有效地解决教学中的这一类问题。     

中文文本中时间信息解析方法

探讨了基于触发词汇和规则模型相结合的中文文本中时间信息解析方法。通过分析、归纳中文文本中时间信息描述特点,构建时间词汇词典和时间信息描述模式库,设计时间信息抽取、规范化表达和语义推理算法,实现了中文文本中时间信息的解析。实验结果表明,中文文本中时间信息抽取的准确率、召回率和F1值分别为75.00%、88.24%和40.54%,为泛在时空信息动态关联更新和实时挖掘分析提供数据源,且通过与空间维数据有机地、交互地组织,能够实时展现地理现象和事物的时空演化过程、时空分布特征,从而推动地理信息检索、LBS等地理信息服务向动态化、多维化方向发展。     

双投影矩阵模型的方向关系组合推理研究

将三维空间中的参照物体分别向xoy和xoz平面投影,得到的最小外接矩形将两个平面都划分成9个区域,用两个三行三列矩阵联合表示目标物体投影与两个参考区域的相交情况,据此提出了双投影方向关系矩阵模型。基于该模型,利用矩阵的计算性能,提出了一种三维空间方向关系的组合推理方法,解决了方向关系的组合推理问题。