土地节约与集约利用评价研究——以湖南省为例

土地节约与集约利用是发展循环经济和建设节约型社会的必然要求。首先明确提出土地节约和集约利用评价方法与指标选取原则，完善节约和集约用地的评价指标结构层，特别是农用地和农村宅基地等土地利用类型的评价指标，建立区域和土地利用分区的节约与集约利用土地评价指标体系，以湖南省为例，运用层次分析法，得出湖南省土地节约与集约利用水平的动态变化发展趋势以及农用地集约利用的效益，最后利用加权求和的综合方法，计算出湖南省农用地集约利用水平的综合评价值。     

地下水有机污染的水文地球化学标志物探讨——以河南油田为例

经过野外现场调查和取样分析及室内研究得知南阳油田地下水已遭受不同程度的有机物污染，且污染范围可能进一步向油田南部扩散。根据近似地下水流线方向上地下水中总油质量浓度和Fe,Mn等无机组分的变化势态，结合含水介质化学分析结果，发现硫酸盐、Fe和Mn可作为地下水有机污染和地球化学标志物。在含水介质中Fe和Mn质量浓度较高的地方，地下水有机污染物降解速度快，含水介质中Fe和Mn的氧化物和氢氧化物的还原作用导致了含水层介质中Fe和Mn的缺乏和地下水中溶解Fe和Mn的积聚；在含水介质中Fe和Mn质量浓度低的地方，地下水中的有机物质量浓度并没有降低，相应地地下水中溶解Fe和Mn的质量浓度也很低。同时，由于有机污染物的存在使地下水中硫酸盐被还原，导致城下水中硫酸盐质量浓度偏低，且地下水中Fe对有机物污染的敏感性比Mn强。     

Fractal Dimensions as Chaos Indicators

The correlation dimension D ₂ is used to develop a method of classification for phase space orbits. D ₂ depends only on the mutual distances of the orbits points, therefore the time development of the orbit is reflected in the time development of the correlation dimension approximants. It is shown, that this technique allows to investigate the dynamical properties of a phase space orbit, a classification of chaotic and regular orbits and a detection of sticky orbits.     

A Reanalysis and Reinterpretation of Geodetic and Geological Evidence of Glacial-Isostatic Adjustment in the Churchill Region, Hudson Bay

We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of, or against, continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. We also reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained from the tide-gauge record on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of a newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. To include the post-glacial land uplift, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 years are also used. Finally, the values of the four observables are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are ~3.2 × 10²⁰ Pa s and ~1.6 × 10²² Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.     

Geobotanical and biogeochemical reconnaissance of the ultramafics of Central Iran

In Iran, ultramafic rocks cover substantial areas at many locations in the country. These rocks consist predominantly of peridotite which has been serpentinized to some degree. Anarak and Nain are two ultramafic areas in Central Iran comprising about 180 and 270 km², respectively, located in a coloured melange zone. There is little information available regarding the geobotany and biogeochemistry of these areas. They have a dry climate, with low rainfall and high temperatures in summer which encourages mostly annual and perennial herbaceous types of plants. In this paper, we report a reconnaissance study of these two ultramafic areas of Iran. Soil analysis of total elements indicates that typical concentrations of Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Fe, Mg and Ca are about 1500, 300, 75, 800, 45.000 150.000 and 2000 μg g^− 1, respectively. During this study 176 plant species were collected, belonging to 29 families. The species diversity at Anarak is more than at Nain, possibly due to microclimatic differences and a greater precipitation. The number of plants endemic to ultramafic soils of these two areas is very low. The herb Cleome heratensis (Capparaceae) appears to be an indicator of ultramafics in Central Iran. Populations of this plant cover quite extensive areas during summer and autumn when there is no rainfall. Analysis of the dry matter of the leaves of all plants collected did not reveal any hyperaccumulator of nickel or any other ‘serpentine’ metals. The ultramafic endemic plant C. heratensis contained low concentrations of all metals and thus it possesses exclusion mechanisms to restrict excessive metal uptake. The Mg/Ca ratio for some plants collected is high—up to 4.9. This initial survey suggests that a more complete investigation of the ultramafic areas of Iran would be valuable.     

黔西南炼山坡红土型金矿地质特征及找矿标志

简述了黔西南炼山坡红土型金矿的矿区地层与构造、分散流与次生晕的成果、矿体产出状态等矿床地质特征,并从成矿物质来源,地质构造,地形、地貌及古气候,红土化作用及元素的迁移与富集作用方面探讨其成矿地质条件,提出了找矿标志。     

桂西北地区锑矿地质特征及找矿标志探讨

桂西北地区是广西锑矿密集区,文章对区内锑矿床的地质特征、地球化学特征、矿体富集规律和找矿标志进行了分析和探讨。     

陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿的地质特征及找矿方向

陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿位于南秦岭-大别构造带中部,镇(安)旬(阳)古生代沉积盆地的南缘。铅锌矿带东西长约100km,南北宽10～50km。已初步查明区内铅锌矿含矿层位为中志留统双河镇组和下志留统梅子垭组,圈出了泗人沟-南沙沟、杨柳-任家沟-小沟和长沙-西营-黄石板铅锌(铜)矿带。在矿带内发现20余处铅锌(铜)矿床(点),已获铅锌资源量1Mt以上。矿床(点)单个矿体长75～1400m,平均厚度0.50～14.00m,平均铅品位0.14%～3.69%,平均锌品位0.96%～36.00%。铅锌矿主要受地层、岩性、岩相、构造等诸多因素控制。经预测,本区铅锌资源量在2Mt以上,安康—白河、平利等地区有较好的找矿远景。     

辽宁东平金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

东平金矿位于辽西凌源-阜新金成矿带上，金矿（化）体主要赋存在硅化构造角砾岩、硅化流纹岩和硅化流纹质角砾熔岩中.矿石以自然金和银金矿为主，其中自然金约占80%，银金矿约占20%.激电中梯及钻探结果显示矿体主要受北北西向构造控制，金矿（化）体主要位于高阻低极化率的F2构造蚀变带内.土壤地球化学测量圈定综合异常22处，Ⅰ-4异常区经钻探验证发现多个隐伏金矿（化）体.在详细研究矿床地质特征的基础上，通过对比邻区赵家沟金矿，初步推断其成因类型为低温热液型金矿.同时认为区内北北西向构造蚀变带内具有的黄铁矿化、强硅化和碳酸盐化是主要的矿化蚀变信息，高阻低极化率及Au土壤地球化学综合异常带是重要的找矿方向.