基于AHP的地质遗迹旅游资源评价:以汉中天坑群为例

汉中天坑群是在中国32°~33°N湿润热带—亚热带岩溶地貌区北界首次发现的岩溶地质遗迹。为了科学地评价汉中天坑群地质遗迹旅游资源,为下一步旅游规划与开发提供科学依据,本文从生态旅游资源条件、生态环境条件、生态旅游开发条件等3个方面选取资源景观价值、资源科学与文化价值、生态环境质量、环境安全条件、区位与交通条件和社会经济条件等作为主要评价指标,建立多层层次结构模型,运用层次分析法对其进行地质遗迹旅游资源综合评价,得出汉中天坑群地质遗迹旅游资源综合评价得分为90.67分。本文研究表明,汉中天坑群具有五级生态旅游资源的禀赋,具有较高的开发利用价值。      

辽宁盘锦荣兴港作业区MT19钻孔海洋沉积物粒度特征

使用激光粒度分析仪对辽宁盘锦荣兴港MT19钻孔6个样品进行分析,运用福克-沃德（Folk-Ward）图解法计算相关粒度参数并绘制输出粒度频率特征曲线。结果表明：盘锦荣兴港沉积物中黏土(d＜0.004 0 mm)的体积分数最小,平均值为8.49%;粉砂(0.004 0～0.063 mm)的体积分数较大,平均值为38.39%;砂(0.063～2.00 mm)的体积分数变化较大,平均值为53.13%。Shepard沉积物三角形分类图解表明,研究区沉积物类型多属于粉砂质黏土和黏土质粉砂;粒度频率曲线显示,除MT19-2-2号样品为主次三峰型外,其余均为主次双峰型,说明该区域在海进-海退过程中的某些时段沉积环境相似,出现了沉积物粒径组合及大小相似的情况。     

参数筛选法在内蒙古扎赉特旗水系沉积物异常评价中的应用

利用异常参数筛选法对扎赉特旗地区1∶5万水系沉积物异常进行评序,选择地球化学特征和地质背景特征两类评价指标分别进行合理赋值,然后按60%和40%分配权重计算异常评序总分。依据异常评序结果筛选了前8位异常进行查证,在HS-18、HS-21和HS-23三个异常区内发现了多处金、银、铜、铅锌等多金属矿（化）体,取得了较好的应用效果,表明异常参数筛选法可以避免人为经验筛选的主观性,是一种快速有效的异常筛选评价方法。     

基于地震波速度预测岩体物性参数模型与应用

以地震属性和钻孔测井参数为基础,依据试验数据构建数学模型,实现对煤层顶底板岩石物性参数的定量预测。通过试验拟合出纵横波波速之间关系、波速与密度的关系、动静杨氏模量、动静泊松比之间的关系,且相关程度较高。依据试验模拟结果对淮南刘庄区煤层顶底板岩石物性参数及孔隙度进行了预测。结果表明该地区的物性参数分布规律明显,且与实测结果吻合较好。模型计算与实例应用证实地震信息用于预测岩石力学参数具有可行性。     

张北地震序列波谱分析

采用石家庄遥测台网数字化的地震记录,选取了1998年1月～1999年12月张北震区的146条地震,分别对P波、S波作了波谱分析,求取了拐角频率、地震矩、震源半径、应力降、平均位错和波谱能量。分析了拐角频率和应力降随时间的变化趋势,并讨论了震源参数相互之间的关系。结果表明,在1999年3月11日5．6级地震之前应力降和拐角频率均出现异常,同时发现,S波对环境的变化比P波敏感,P波较稳定,且各震源参数与震级有一定相关。     

百米深桩的施工技术

通过对滨州黄河公路大桥南引桥百米深桩的施工,摸索出一套行之有效的施工方法,从而为该桥的顺利竣工创造了条件和奠定了基础。现简单阐述了对百米深桩倾斜、坍孔、断桩等易出事故的预防施工措施。     

黄河口近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成及群落结构特征

为了解调水调沙期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的动态变化,作者分别于2011年和2018年黄河调水调沙期间（6月—7月）,利用大型浮游生物网对该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行表层水平拖网调查。结果表明：2011年3个航次共采集鱼卵1 280粒,仔稚鱼5 973尾,隶属于7目11科13属;2018年3个航次共采集鱼卵4 104粒,仔稚鱼237尾,隶属于7目11科13属。优势种以斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）等短生命周期、低营养层级的小型中上层鱼类为主。靠近黄河入海口处站位的鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度相对较高,鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布范围向黄河入海口门处集中。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的多样性指数在调水调沙过程中出现波动,过后又恢复至调水调沙前水平。环境因子Pearson相关性分析表明,鱼卵数量与环境因子间无显著相关性（P0.05）,仔稚鱼数量与叶绿素a的含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.870,P<0.01）。两个年度调查结果对比发现,总体来说调查期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类数变化不大,在适温类型组成上均以暖温种为主;2018年鱼卵、仔稚鱼采集数量均小于2011年,但是鱼卵、仔稚鱼的均匀度指数（J’）和多样性指数（H’）均大于2011年,除6月上旬航次外,其他两个航次丰富度指数（D）也均大于2011年。本研究补充了黄河口及邻近海域鱼类早期补充资源的基础数据,旨为黄河口邻近海域及渤海的渔业资源评估和养护提供依据。     

Changes in run‐off and sediment load in the three parts of the Yellow River basin,in response to climate change and human activities

Hydrological regimes in the Yellow River have changed significantly because of climate change and intensive human interventions. These changes present severe challenges to water resource utilization and ecological development. Variation of run‐off, suspended sediment load (SSL), and eight precipitation indices (P1: 0–12 mm·day^?1, P12: 12–25 mm·day^?1, P25: 25–50 mm·day^?1, P50: P ≥ 50 mm·day^?1 and corresponding rainfall day: Pd1, Pd12, Pd25, Pd50 day year^?1) in three critical parts of the Yellow River basin (source region: SRYRB, upper reaches: URYRB, middle reaches: MRYRB) were investigated for the period from 1960 to 2015. The results show that run‐off and SSL significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the URYRB and the MRYRB, whereas their decline in the SRYRB was insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, run‐off in the URYRB had one change point in 1987, and SSL in the URYRB as well as run‐off and SSL in the MRYRB had two change points (in the 1970s and the 1990s). Over the same period, only Pd1 and Pd12 in the SRYRB showed significant increasing trends, and an abrupt change appeared in 1981. The optimal precipitation indices for assessing the effects of precipitation on run‐off and SSL in the URYRB and MRYRB were Pd50 and P12, respectively. A double‐mass curve analysis showed that precipitation and human activities contributed to approximately 20% and 80% of the reduction in run‐off, respectively, for both the SRYRB and the MRYRB. However, the contribution rate of precipitation and human activities on SSL reduction was approximately 40% and 60% in the URYRB and 5% and 95% in the MRYRB, respectively. Human activities, primarily soil and water conservation measures and water extraction (diversion), were the main factors (>50%) that reduced the run‐off. However, the dominant driving factors for SSL reduction were soil and water conservation measures and reservoir interception, for which the contribution rate was higher than 70% in the MRYRB. This work strengthens the understanding of hydrological responses to precipitation change and provides a useful reference for regional water resource utilization.     

An ensemble approach for the analysis of extreme rainfall under climate change in Naples (Italy)

In the present paper, an ensemble approach is proposed to estimate possible modifications caused by climate changes in the extreme precipitation regime, with the rain gauge Napoli Servizio Idrografico (Naples, Italy) chosen as test case. The proposed research, focused on the analysis of extremes on the basis of climate model simulations and rainfall observations, is structured in several consecutive steps. In the first step, all the dynamically downscaled EURO‐CORDEX simulations at about 12 km horizontal resolution are collected for the current period 1971–2000 and the future period 2071–2100, for the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 concentration scenarios. In the second step, the significance of climate change effects on extreme precipitation is statistically tested by comparing current and future simulated data and bias‐correction is performed by means of a novel approach based on a combination of simple delta change and quantile delta mapping, in compliance with the storm index method. In the third step, two different ensemble models are proposed, accounting for the variabilities given by the use of different climate models and for their hindcast performances. Finally, the ensemble models are used to build novel intensity–duration–frequency curves, and their effects on the early warning system thresholds for the area of interest are evaluated.     

Assessing basin storage: Comparison of hydrometric- and tracer-based indices of dynamic and total storage

Storage is a fundamental but elusive component of drainage basin function, influencing synchronization between precipitation input and streamflow output and mediating basin sensitivity to climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change. We compare hydrometric and isotopic approaches to estimate indices of dynamic and total basin storage, respectively, and assess inter-basin differences in these indices across the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) region of southern Ontario, Canada. Dynamic storage indices for the 20 study basins included the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (baseflow index BFI), Q ₉₉ flow and flow duration curve (FDC) slope. Ratios of the standard deviation of the streamflow stable isotope signal relative to that of precipitation were determined for each basin from a 1 year bi-weekly sampling program and used as indicators of total storage. Smaller ratios imply longer water travel times, smaller young water fractions (F _yw, < ~2–3 months in age) in streamflow and greater basin storage. Ratios were inversely related to BFI and Q ₉₉, and positively related to FDC slope, suggesting longer travel times and smaller F _yw for basins with stable baseflow-dominated streamflow regimes. Inter-basin differences in all indices reflected topographic, hydrogeologic and LULC controls on storage, which was greatest in steep, forest-covered headwaters underlain by permeable deposits with thick and relatively uniform unsaturated zones. Nevertheless, differential sensitivity of indices to controls on storage indicates the value of using several indices to capture more completely how basin characteristics influence storage. Regression relationships between storage indices and basin characteristics provided reasonable predictions of aspects of the streamflow regime of test basins in the ORM region. Such relationships and the underlying knowledge of controls on basin storage in this landscape provide the foundation for initial predictions of relative differences in streamflow response to regional changes in climate and LULC.