河外射电源光学对应体的“自行”和岁差常数

本文用有较长观测间隔的射电源光学对应体的光学观测结果，再次讨论了岁差常数值。由于现用岁差值的不精确，需把这些射电源光学对应体在不同历元的观测结果统一归化到共同参考系统Ｊ２０００．０，并对它们各自的参考星表都归化到ＦＫ５系统，即可得到这些源在ＦＫ５系统中的所谓“自行”．由所得“自行”对岁差常数的改正作了估计。本文还分别对４４颗源和２５颗源作了估算，其相应的岁差改正为－２．６７±１．３３ｍａｓ／年和－３．３１±１．６２ｍａｓ／年，将这些值和由新技术观测所得结果作了比较，两者之间符合得相当好。     

大型贯通测量中加测陀螺定向边的位置选取分析

大型贯通测量中常常使用加测陀螺边来提高贯通测量精度,但目前对于陀螺定向边的位置选取并无明确规范和要求。本文主要探讨了不同位置的陀螺定向边选取对贯通测量精度的影响。实验结果表明,井下选取的陀螺定向边与测定仪器常数的地面已知边之间距离过大对于贯通测量精度影响较大,在井下选取陀螺定向边位置时,应与测定仪器常数的地面已知边距离保持在3 000 m以内为优。     

Application of a nondestructive method to evaluate the active layer in a cold region

To provide a safe transportation system in an extremely cold region,evaluation needs to be conducted of the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer,as they significantly affect frost heave.The objective of this study was to evaluate the dielectric constant(κ)of the active layer using ground-penetrating radar(GPR)and a dynamic cone penetrometer(DCP);this evaluation was then used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer.A field located in midwest Alaska was selected as the study site.A GPR survey and two DCP tests were conducted on the surface of the ground,and the ground temperature was measured.From the GPR survey,travel times of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer were obtained.In addition,the thickness of the active layer was determined by using the dynamic cone penetration index(DCPI)and ground temperature.By using the travel time and travel distance of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer,dielectric constants were calculated as 26.3 and 26.4 for two DCP points.From the mean dielectric constant,the volumetric water content was estimated to be 40%~43%,and the thickness of the active layer was evaluated along the GPR survey line.The spatial-scaled GPR image showed that the thickness of the active layer varied from 520 mm to 700 mm due to the presence of a puddle,which accelerated the heat exchange.The results show that evaluation of the dielectric constant using the GPR survey and the DCP test can be effectively used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer.     

石窟的地学基础及其分类

石窟是一种佛教建筑，以往均从宗教、文化和艺术等方面加以研究，但开凿石窟离不开一定的地质地貌，尤其是岩石条件，因此，石窟与地学，特别是岩石有着密切的关系。着重岩石与石窟的关系探讨石窟的地学基础及其分类，从地学的角度探讨有关石窟的保护问题。     

A visco-elastoplastic model for fault rocks and its application to earthquake research

In the light of the rheological properties of crustal rocks and some features of earthquakes, a rheological model for fault rocks is suggested in the paper and the possibility of applying the suggested model to the study of earthquake mechanism is discussed. The results show that it is reasonable to take the suggested model as a physical simplification of fault rocks and to apply it to the numerical calculation and simulation of 2-D problems. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 129–136, 1992.     

1949．0至1979．0 ILS地极坐标的均匀化

自１９８４年起在天文计算中都采用ＦＫ５基本星表和新天文常数,这些变动直接影响了用天顶仪等光学仪器观测订定的地极坐标。本文论述了基本星表和天文常数变动后,对国际纬度服务（ＩＬＳ）订定的地极坐标的影响。结果表明：１）星表系统差对地极坐标的影响在ｘ和ｙ方向最大,分别约－０．００６”和－０．００４”;２）章动序列变动的影响在ｘ、ｙ方向最大波动分别为０．０１２”和０．０１０”。     

航空重力GPS测速多粗差探测方法

GPS速度测量在航空重力测量中具有重要的作用。根据飞机平稳飞行的状态,建立了严密的状态方程,利用常加速度模型的速度预测值,构建了观测值验前残差检验量Q,并给出其误差源:观测误差与速度预测误差,根据检验量Q的统计特性结合IGGⅢ抗差方案,对含粗差的观测值作降权处理。采用静态数据分析观测误差的统计特性,并给出其模型参数,同时分析了理想运动状态下的速度预测精度以及数据采样率与新方法粗差探测能力之间的关系。通过静态和动态算例表明,新方法能有效探测出小于1周的粗差。     

渤海中部海底恒温层温度及泥温相位随深度变化特征

利用渤海中部两点一年中４个季节泥温观测资料，近似确定两测点海底恒温层泥温分别为１１．０℃和１１．７℃。认国泥温随深度变化可视为一垂向波－泥温波，并利用这一概念分析了泥温相位随深度变化特征，８＾＃，Ａ（Ｂ）平台测点泥温波波长分别为ｌ８＝８ｍ和ｌＡ（Ｂ）＝１０ｍ。研究建议，以０．５ｍ处多年泥温平均值作为海底恒温层温度。     

A second-order particle tracking method

An accurate particle tracking method for a finite difference method model is developed using a constant acceleration method. Being assumed constant temporal and spatial gradients, the new method permits temporal-spatial variability of particle velocity. Test results in a solid rotating flow show that the new method has second-order accuracy. The performance of the new method is compared with that of other methods; the first-order Euler forward method, and the second-order Euler predictorcorrector method. The new method is the most efficient method among the three. It is more accurate and efficient than the other two.     

KCl+KHCO_3水溶液中氯化钾的平均活度系数和KHCO_3~0的缔合常数

用钾离子选择电极和银—氯化银电极构成的无液界电池测量了KCl+KHCO_3混合水溶液中KCl的平均活度系数,发现其活度系数的对数与混合溶液中KHCO_3的浓度m_2服从哈奈特关系式。用最小二乘法计算机处理求得了各离子强度条件下相应的哈奈特系数。还用适用于混合电解质溶液的皮茨公式计算了该体系电解质的平均活度系数和溶液的超额自由能,计算出活度系数与实验值之间的平均标准偏差为±0.006。溶液的超额自由能随溶液组成变化表明,对于有相同阳离子(K~+)的该混合溶液中离子间短程作用力主要受Cl~-作用的影响。用累代逼近法用微机计算,求得了KHCO_3~0的化学计量缔合常数经验公式及其热力学缔合常数。