塔里木盆地哈得4油田成藏年代学研究

哈得4油田是近年来在满加尔凹陷北部发现的第一个海相油田，一直被认为是喜山期形成的油藏。然而，根据包裹体测温、伊利石K／Ar同位素测年以及油气水界面追溯等多种方法对其成藏年代重新研究表明，该油田主力油藏石碳系CⅢ油藏主杰晚海西期形成的古油藏，C5薄砂层油藏则可能为喜山期由CⅢ油藏垂向调整形成的次生油藏。     

蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石对重金属离子吸附容量的实验研究

在pH=4,t=23℃和微量浓度条件下,不改变离子浓度,通过增加吸附液体积进而增加体系中重金属离子含量的方法进行了蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr3+等重金属离子吸附容量的实验研究,结果表明,3种矿物吸附容量大小顺序为蒙脱石>伊利石>高岭石,与其阳离子交换容量密切相关.Cu-蒙脱石和Cr-蒙脱石的X射线衍射结果表明,Cu2+、Cr3+通过离子交换作用进入了蒙脱石的层间.同一矿物对不同重金属离子也有不同的吸附容量蒙脱石Cr3+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Pb2+;高岭石Cr3+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cu2+>Cd2+;伊利石Cr3+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>Pb2+.     

Modeling of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by means of transferable empirical potentials

 Dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates with different interlayer charge have been studied theoretically by using transferable empirical interatomic potentials. The crystal structures of pyrophyllite, muscovite, margarite, beidellite, montmorillonite, and different smectites and illites have been simulated. The interatomic potentials were able to reproduce the experimental structure of phyllosilicates with high, medium and low interlayer charge. The calculated structures are in agreement with experiment for the main structural features of the crystal lattice. The effect of the cation substitution in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets on the structural features has been also studied. Good linear relationships have been found, and the calculated effects are consistent with experimental results. Some unknown structural features of the crystal structures of clays are predicted in this work. Received: 8 March 2000 / Accepted: 19 September 2000     

Thermal evolution of the Tertiary Shimanto Belt, Muroto Peninsula, Shikoku, Japan

Abstract The Shimanto accretionary complex on the Muroto Peninsula of Shikoku comprises two major units of Tertiary strata: the Murotohanto Sub-belt (Eocene-Oligocene) and the Nabae Sub-belt (Oligocene-Miocene). Both sub-belts have been affected by thermal overprints following the peak of accretion-related deformation. Palaeotemperatures for the entire Tertiary section range from ～ 140 to 315°C, based upon mean vitrinite reflectance values of 0.9–5.0%R_m. Values of illite crystallinity index are consistent with conditions of advanced diagenesis and anchimetamorphism. Illite/mica b₀ lattice dimensions indicate that burial pressures were probably no greater than 2.5kbar. In general, levels of thermal maturity are higher for the Murotohanto Sub-belt than for the Nabae Sub-belt. The Eocene-Oligocene strata also display a spatial decrease in thermal maturity from south to north and this pattern probably was caused by regional-scale differential uplift following peak heating. Conversely, the palaeothermal structure within the Nabae Sub-belt is fairly uniform, except for the local effects of mafic intrusions at the tip of Cape Muroto. There is a paleotemperature difference of ～ 90°C across the boundary between the Murotohanto and Nabae Sub-belts (Shiina-Narashi fault), and this contrast is consistent with approximately 1200 m of post-metamorphic vertical offset. Subduction prior to Middle Miocene probably involved the Kula or fused Kula-Pacific plate and the background geothermal gradient during the Eocene-Oligocene phase of accretion was ～ 30–35°C/km. Rapid heating of the Shimanto Belt evidently occurred immediately after a Middle Miocene reorganization of the subduction boundary. Hot oceanic lithosphere from the Shikoku Basin first entered the subduction zone at ～ 15 Ma; this event also coincided with the opening of the Sea of Japan and the rapid clockwise rotation of southwest Japan. The background geothermal gradient at that time was ～ 70°C/km. Whether or not all portions of the inherited (Eocene-Oligocene) palaeothermal structure were overprinted during the Middle Miocene remains controversial.     

含粉煤灰与伊利石的高吸水复合材料性能测试

粉煤灰具有一定的吸水能力,且含多种营养元素,对土壤有很好的改良效果;伊利石也具有吸水性,且含钾量高。采用溶液聚合法首次合成的粉煤灰-伊利石/丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水复合材料,其吸蒸馏水、自来水、生理盐水倍率分别为1 782,450,117,而国家“863计划”关于高吸水材料的技术指标分别为300,150,50;同时对复合材料的保水性、热稳定性、耐寒性及其二次吸液性能进行测试,结果表明:复合材料具有优越的保水性,25℃条件下干燥8 d,吸水凝胶还可以保持50%的吸水量;在0～120℃范围性能稳定;具有较高的二次吸液能力,可以多次使用。     

伊利石结晶度Kübler，Weaver和Weber指数关系式常数的确定与应用

根据衍射峰具有的不同分布特点推导出了14个伊利石结晶度Kübler指数，Weaver指数和Weber指数关系式中常数项C1-C14的数值，提出了PearsonⅦ分布中形态参数μ与C5，C6，C11，C12的4个定量方程。由此，14个伊利石结晶度指数关系式可直接用于实际计算。根据阿尔卑斯复理石伊利石形态特征Sc=0.731，由这些关系式进行近变质带上下界线的转换得出与Kübler指数0.42～0.25。△2θ界线对应的Weaver指数和Weber指数的界线值分别为5.8～17.6和300～179。讨论了在自然干燥状态下直接进行伊蒙混层鉴定的基本原理。     

硅酸盐细菌GY92对伊利石的释钾作用

1992年在贵阳郊区玉米地中分离出一株硅酸盐细菌GY92,为探求GY92对伊利石的释钾作用,对采用的有关材料和方法、相关实验所获的GY92个体形态及培养特征、部分生理生化特征及其对伊利石的释钾作用等结果作了较详细的介绍,同时就GY92对伊利石的释钾机理等问题进行了简单讨论。     

田黄萝卜纹的矿物组成与成因分析

萝卜纹是田黄的重要鉴定特征。本文通过岩石薄片、X射线衍射分析和电子探针分析等手段,确定萝卜纹的组成矿物为伊利石;萝卜纹的成因为田黄的原岩受到构造应力作用后产生了显微裂隙,次生的伊利石填充了显微裂隙;显微裂隙中的伊利石与岩石中的主要矿物迪开石光学性质差别较大而呈丝缕状(萝卜纹)。     

济阳坳陷桩海地区中生界同位素年代地层学研究

济阳坳陷中生界分布广泛,具有油气成藏的基本地质条件,并取得了一定的勘探发现,但其勘探程度和研究程度相对较低,包括地层划分、沉积体系、储层特征、控藏因素等。特别是地层时代、分层与分界等基本的地质问题尚存在不同的观点和认识。根据区内14口井的10个火山岩全岩样品和79个小于2μm的泥岩自生伊利石样品,开展K-Ar法同位素年代地层学测定,分别确定了中生界的坊子组、蒙阴组、三台组和西洼组的绝对年龄值,将坊子组划归下侏罗统,蒙阴组为中侏罗统,缺失上侏罗统,并明确了各组的接触关系。     

Characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality: Huagang Formation in the Xihu Sag,East China Sea Basin

Abstract

The characteristics and distribution of clay minerals and their effects on reservoir quality in the Huagang sandstones in the Xihu Sag, East China Sea Basin were studied by using X-ray diffraction, casting thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, fluid inclusion analysis, constant-rate mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance. Clay minerals consist of kaolinite, chlorite, illite and illite–smectite mixed layer (I/S); kaolinite forms from dissolved feldspars, chlorite occurs as clay coatings that are transformed from clay precursors owing to the flocculation of suspended detrital clays or the crystallisation of pore fluids, and illite forms from the illitisation of detrital smectite, authigenic kaolinite and K-feldspars. Clay distribution is controlled by sedimentary environments, burial history and lithologies. Typical reservoirs in the western sub-sag are thin and developed in braided river facies at relatively shallow burial depths with clays dominated by kaolinite. However, typical reservoirs in the central inversion tectonic zone are thicker and developed in a braided delta front facies at deeper burial depths with clays mainly consisting of chlorite, illite and I/S. High-quality reservoirs are characterised by coarse granularity, high quartz content and low clay content with widespread development of chlorite coatings that inhibit quartz cements at low temperatures. At higher temperatures, the high-quality reservoirs develop more pores providing growth space for quartz cements and result in the coexistence of chlorite coatings and quartz cements. The high-quality reservoirs are controlled by their lithological characteristics rather than chlorite coatings. Illite and I/S clays create severe damage to reservoirs by reducing the size and connectivity of pore-throats.