末次间冰期兰州黄土记录中的粘土矿物及其环境意义探讨

本文研究了末次间冰肮分辨率兰州黄土（Ｓ１）２１个样口的粘土矿物，并与现代尘暴沉积物作了对比。研究结果表明，Ｓ１三个古土壤导春间所夹两个黄土层中的粘土矿物组合特征基本一致，以伊利石为主，其次为绿泥石和高岭石及少量伊／蒙间层矿物。粘土矿物的形成以碎屑成因为主，其一在剖面上的变化具有批示气候变化的意义。古土壤层中伊利石结晶度较黄土层中低，反映在气候温暖潮湿的条件下粘土矿物受到了不同和蔼的改造。粘土矿物总     

塔里木盆地早二叠世岩浆特征及其对油气成藏关系初探

塔里木盆地早二叠世裂谷盆地阶段有一次强烈的岩浆活动,主要为玄武岩—中酸性凝灰岩喷发和大规模基性岩墙群的侵入,玄武岩K-Ar法同位素年龄为241~278Ma,而辉长岩的Sm-Nd法年龄为259Ma。火山活动产生的能量使得塔里木盆地内的寒武系—奥陶系烃源岩大量生烃并运移,自生伊利石K-Ar年龄测定数据显示哈得4石炭系油藏、塔中4CⅢ油藏油气充注时间为224~275Ma,与上述火成岩的活动时间相当。东河砂岩,一套深埋的优质储层,其形成的原因可能是二叠纪末油气的注入并导致其后期深埋时只有机械压实而无其他成岩作用的缘故。     

用于同位素测年的自生伊利石分离纯化流程探索

沉积岩中自生矿物与碎屑矿物的分离问题是制约沉积岩定年的主要问题之一。本文以浙江和川西地区的粘土矿物为例，介绍了沉积岩中自生伊利石与碎屑矿物的一般分离过程，具体包括悬浮液的制备过程、高速离心机的条件实验和8个样品的分级实验，确定了较佳的分级参数，并对分级后的各级别进行了X-射线衍射(XRD)分析。X-射线衍射结果表明，随着粒度的减小，各种杂质的含量都在逐渐减少，在小于0．2μm的粒级中，已检测不出石英、钾长石、钠长石、方解石、白云石等杂质的存在，其中有3个产品的成岩混层含量达到100％，说明本次实验的分离纯化流程是比较成功的。综合考虑粒度和自生伊利石的纯度，一般情况下，以0．1～0．2μg粒级的产品用于Ar-Ar和K-Ar测年较合适。但在实际进行年龄分析时，一定要先进行XRD和透射电镜分析，只有确定其成岩混层I／S的含量近100％(至少在95％以上)及混层中S的含量小于25％时，才可用于Ar—Ar和K—Ar年龄测定。     

油气储层自生伊利石的分离提纯及其K-Ar同位素测年技术研究

油气注入史研究对于指导油气勘探具有非常重要的意义。油气储层自生伊利石K Ar同位素测年可以为油气注入时间的研究提供科学依据。文中对油气储层自生伊利石分离提纯及其K Ar同位素测年技术进行了系统介绍。对碎屑含钾矿物杂质对自生伊利石K Ar同位素年龄的影响进行了深入研究 ,建立了一套完整的数据处理技术并提出了“校正年龄”的概念。     

Very low-grade metamorphic study in the pre-Late Cretaceous terranes of New Caledonia (southwest Pacific Ocean)

Abstract   Pre-Late Cretaceous terranes from the central part of New Caledonia have been metamorphosed under very low-grade conditions by two high-pressure/low-temperature events. The present study investigates the metamorphic patterns with phyllosilicate crystallinities, electron microprobe analyses and petrography. The first metamorphic event is of Late Jurassic age and is characterized by very low (anchizone) to low-grade (epizone) conditions with a decrease of the illite Kübler Index (KI) and the chlorite Árkai Index (ÁI) values from northeast to southwest. This trend is also confirmed by chlorite thermometry. In the south of the area, un-metamorphosed sediments (diagenetic KI values) are observed in the Senonian 'formation à charbons', post-dating the metamorphism in this region. The second metamorphism is an Eocene high-pressure event, which overprints the Late Jurassic metamorphism in the northern part of the studied area. In this zone, the pattern of KI and ÁI indicates another gradient with increasing metamorphic conditions from southwest to northeast. Temperatures calculated by chlorite thermometry also indicate an evolution from southwest to northeast with slight increase of temperature from 298 ± 8°C to 327 ± 16°C. In both metamorphic zones, the K-white mica b cell dimension calculated on micas analyzed at electron microprobe are in good agreement with high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic conditions (b₀ > 9.04 Å). A combination of chlorite thermometry and K-white mica b cell dimension allows estimation of a minimum pressure of 1.3 GPa in the Eocene zone (in excellent agreement with the 1.5 GPa registered in the northern part of New Caledonia) and a minimum of 1.1 GPa in the Late Jurassic metamorphic part.     

塔里木盆地哈得4油田成藏年代学研究

哈得4油田是近年来在满加尔凹陷北部发现的第一个海相油田，一直被认为是喜山期形成的油藏。然而，根据包裹体测温、伊利石K／Ar同位素测年以及油气水界面追溯等多种方法对其成藏年代重新研究表明，该油田主力油藏石碳系CⅢ油藏主杰晚海西期形成的古油藏，C5薄砂层油藏则可能为喜山期由CⅢ油藏垂向调整形成的次生油藏。     

Modeling of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by means of transferable empirical potentials

 Dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates with different interlayer charge have been studied theoretically by using transferable empirical interatomic potentials. The crystal structures of pyrophyllite, muscovite, margarite, beidellite, montmorillonite, and different smectites and illites have been simulated. The interatomic potentials were able to reproduce the experimental structure of phyllosilicates with high, medium and low interlayer charge. The calculated structures are in agreement with experiment for the main structural features of the crystal lattice. The effect of the cation substitution in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets on the structural features has been also studied. Good linear relationships have been found, and the calculated effects are consistent with experimental results. Some unknown structural features of the crystal structures of clays are predicted in this work. Received: 8 March 2000 / Accepted: 19 September 2000     

Thermal evolution of the Tertiary Shimanto Belt, Muroto Peninsula, Shikoku, Japan

Abstract The Shimanto accretionary complex on the Muroto Peninsula of Shikoku comprises two major units of Tertiary strata: the Murotohanto Sub-belt (Eocene-Oligocene) and the Nabae Sub-belt (Oligocene-Miocene). Both sub-belts have been affected by thermal overprints following the peak of accretion-related deformation. Palaeotemperatures for the entire Tertiary section range from ～ 140 to 315°C, based upon mean vitrinite reflectance values of 0.9–5.0%R_m. Values of illite crystallinity index are consistent with conditions of advanced diagenesis and anchimetamorphism. Illite/mica b₀ lattice dimensions indicate that burial pressures were probably no greater than 2.5kbar. In general, levels of thermal maturity are higher for the Murotohanto Sub-belt than for the Nabae Sub-belt. The Eocene-Oligocene strata also display a spatial decrease in thermal maturity from south to north and this pattern probably was caused by regional-scale differential uplift following peak heating. Conversely, the palaeothermal structure within the Nabae Sub-belt is fairly uniform, except for the local effects of mafic intrusions at the tip of Cape Muroto. There is a paleotemperature difference of ～ 90°C across the boundary between the Murotohanto and Nabae Sub-belts (Shiina-Narashi fault), and this contrast is consistent with approximately 1200 m of post-metamorphic vertical offset. Subduction prior to Middle Miocene probably involved the Kula or fused Kula-Pacific plate and the background geothermal gradient during the Eocene-Oligocene phase of accretion was ～ 30–35°C/km. Rapid heating of the Shimanto Belt evidently occurred immediately after a Middle Miocene reorganization of the subduction boundary. Hot oceanic lithosphere from the Shikoku Basin first entered the subduction zone at ～ 15 Ma; this event also coincided with the opening of the Sea of Japan and the rapid clockwise rotation of southwest Japan. The background geothermal gradient at that time was ～ 70°C/km. Whether or not all portions of the inherited (Eocene-Oligocene) palaeothermal structure were overprinted during the Middle Miocene remains controversial.     

含粉煤灰与伊利石的高吸水复合材料性能测试

粉煤灰具有一定的吸水能力,且含多种营养元素,对土壤有很好的改良效果;伊利石也具有吸水性,且含钾量高。采用溶液聚合法首次合成的粉煤灰-伊利石/丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水复合材料,其吸蒸馏水、自来水、生理盐水倍率分别为1 782,450,117,而国家“863计划”关于高吸水材料的技术指标分别为300,150,50;同时对复合材料的保水性、热稳定性、耐寒性及其二次吸液性能进行测试,结果表明:复合材料具有优越的保水性,25℃条件下干燥8 d,吸水凝胶还可以保持50%的吸水量;在0～120℃范围性能稳定;具有较高的二次吸液能力,可以多次使用。