准噶尔盆地南缘楼庄子地区头屯河组水文地质条件与铀成矿的关系

前人在准噶尔盆地南缘楼庄子地区发现头屯河组砂岩型铀矿化,针对该地区铀成矿前景及找矿方向进行了论述,但铀控矿因素尚不明朗。砂岩型铀矿作为一种水成矿产,研究水文地质条件与铀成矿关系对铀成矿规律和找矿靶区的预测至关重要。本文利用铀矿勘探和煤田钻孔资料,分析了楼庄子地区头屯河组含水层特征并对其进行了划分;通过分析研究区地下水演化特征,推断出铀成矿地质时期;通过分析含水层发育特征（砂岩含水层厚度、沉积特征、砂泥比,连通性、渗透性等）、“天窗”特征,揭示了不同区域水循环交替强度、铀成矿水文地质条件的差异;综合有利成矿信息,预测头屯河组有利成矿的区域和含水层,经过钻孔验证,楼庄子地区中部铀矿化较好,东部次之,西部较差,仅Ⅲ含水层见工业铀矿化,取得了良好的勘探效果。     

异常温压条件下水文地质参数实验室计算方法的研究

异常温压条件下的渗透系数和弹性储水系数是评价深层地下水资源量的关键水文地质参数。本文针对目前国内外在深层地下水资源评价研究中,沿用浅层地下水的非稳定井流试验求参数所造成的弊端,考虑到深层地下水因埋藏深度很大而形成的异常温压条件,提出了通过实验室测定岩样,水样的弹性模量、泊松比、孔隙度、渗透率、液体体积压缩系数、粘滞系数等,进而计算深层地下水所处的特定环境中的水文地质参数的方法。     

The role of hydrogeological setting in two Canadian peatlands investigated through 2D steady-state groundwater flow modelling

This study investigated how hydrogeological setting influences aquifer–peatland connections in slope and basin peatlands. Steady-state groundwater flow was simulated using Modflow on 2D transects for an esker slope peatland and for a basin peatland in southern Quebec (Canada). Simulations investigated how hydraulic heads and groundwater flow exported toward runoff from the peatland can be influenced by recharge, hydraulic properties, and heterogeneity. The slope peatland model was strongly dominated by horizontal flow from the esker. This suggests that slope peatlands are dependent on the hydrogeological conditions of the adjacent aquifer reservoir, but are resilient to hydrological changes. The basin peatland produced groundwater outflow to the surface aquifer. Lateral and vertical peat heterogeneity due to peat decomposition or compaction were identified as having a significant influence on fluxes. These results suggest that basin peatlands are more dependent on recharge conditions, and could be more susceptible to land use and climate changes.     

Contaminant transport in a small deformation aquitard affected by the delayed drainage phenomenon

This paper presents a formulation accounting for the effect of delayed drainage phenomenon (DDP) on the breakthrough of contaminant flux in an aquitard, by considering the movement of soil particles, porosity variation, hydraulic head variation, and transient flow during the consolidation. The water flow equation in an aquitard was based on the Terzaghi's consolidation theory, and the contaminant transport equation was derived on the basis of the mass balance law. Two cases were used to illustrate the effect of DDP on the contaminant transport in an aquitard of small deformation. It is found that the breakthrough time of contaminant in an aquitard is very long, which is mainly ascribed to the low permeability of aquitard and sorption of soil particles. It is also found that the increase of depletion, which is in general induced by the increase of thickness and specific storativity and the decrease of hydraulic conductivity, enhances the impact of DDP on the contaminant transport in an aquitard. A larger delay index (τ₀) of DDP gives a greater delay breakthrough time (DBT) of solute transport in an aquitard, which controls the difference of the breakthrough time of contaminant transport in aquitards with and without the occurrence of DDP. For the cases where advection plays a dominant role during the process of solute transport, τ₀ is almost linearly correlated with DBT, and the ratio of DBT over the breakthrough time without consideration of DDP also approximately shows a linear relationship with the ratio of specific storativity to porosity, given a fixed drawdown in the adjacent aquifer with the sorption being ignored.     

浅谈水文地质勘查工作在海绵城市建设中的重要作用

海绵城市是指通过加强城市规划建设管理,充分发挥建筑、道路和绿地、水系等生态系统对雨水的吸纳、蓄渗和缓解作用,有效控制雨水径流,实现自然积存、自然渗透、自然净化的城市发展方式。其本质是要实现有效的径流控制,不仅要从形成雨水径流的源头着手,而且要考虑城市“海绵体”的岩土性质,其渗透能力(降雨渗透系数)、储存雨水能力(地下含水层储存空间大小)及储存雨洪的危险性(诱发环境地质问题)等。这些问题与水文地质勘查工作密切相关,不可或缺,是海绵城市建设规划、设计前的最基础性工作。     

三门峡市区环境水文地质问题浅析

通过对三门峡市区地下水的综合调查,发现其环境水文地质问题以区域地下水位下降为主,并导致地下水污染等次生环境水文地质问题的发生.在环境水文地质问题形成背景和形成条件综合分析的基础上,认为其产生的根本原因是人为活动,尤其是地下水的不合理开采破坏了地下水循环系统的天然均衡状态.最后,提出了减少和防止三门峡市区环境水文地质问题的具体措施.     

浅议地质录井技术在煤田地质勘探中的运用

地质录井作为石油地质的一项必需技术已为地质界所公认,在石油钻探中,录井技术可以较准确地判定油砂层的位置,将地质录井技术运用到煤田、水文钻探中,可以在取心失败或者无心钻进中有效判定目的层层位。地质录井资料,也是测井解释的重要依据。     

预防底板突水的目的含水层水文地质试验研究——鲁中煤田下组煤水文地质补充勘探方法

针对淄博、济东、肥城等华北型石炭二叠系煤田大水矿区原有煤田水文地质勘探阶段资料程度难以满足下组煤带压开采防治水的情况下,选择了预防底板突水中间指示含水层--处于下组煤层与奥灰之间的徐家庄灰岩进行了的采掘前矿井水文地质勘探.充分利用井下巷道,以井下放水试验（包括示踪试验）为主,井上、下结合同步观测,分块（分片、分区）、分层、分阶段及局部、联合放水试验分步骤逐渐暴露水文地质条件,肥城和济东等矿区的实际勘探效果证明针对中间指示含水层进行综合水文地质勘探可达到事半功倍的效果.     

淮北煤田松散层电性特征及富水性评价

根据淮北平原电测深资料结合钻探工作,评述了第四系松散层中砂质类和粘土类的电性特征及分布规律,对松散层中含水层各岩性的电性影响因素进行了分析,认为视电阻率与含砂量和颗粒度与正比,与矿化度成反比;介绍了含水层富水性特征参数的提取方法及电性参数与水文地质参数相关关系,认为视电阻率与含水层的渗透系数成正比.通过对电性资料的认识和区域水质资料的分析,获得了该区面积性水文地质参数.该区富水性评价成果已被实际水文地质资料验证.     

宁东枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质类型划分探讨

通过对枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质条件、矿井充水因素、矿井涌水量、矿井受水害影响程度及防治水难易程度等方面分析,以实际资料为依据,结合对《煤矿防治水规定》的理解,提出枣泉煤矿矿井水文地质类型为复杂型的结论,从而分析和评价矿井水害危害程度,经济合理地搞好矿井防治水工作提供了基础资料。