濮阳市地热资源分析及水文地质参数计算

本文搜集濮阳地区有关勘探资料和地热深井互阻、多孔抽水试验资料 ,通过综合分析、计算 ,阐述了濮阳市地热资源的地质背景并给出了水文地质参数 ,为濮阳市地热资源的合理开发提供基础地质依据     

矿山开采对鹏山水源地影响分析

鹏山水源地开采松散岩类孔隙水和裂隙岩溶水,是莱芜市重要的饮用水水源地,潘西煤矿扩界开采可能对其造成影响。该文从水源地地下水的补径排条件、水文地质边界等多方面考虑,根据地下水动态观测结果,得出水源地和扩采区处于不同的水文地质单元、地貌单元,认为潘西煤矿扩界开采对水源地影响较小。     

SDCORS在济西水源地水文地质调查中的应用

介绍了多基站网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位服务综合系统(CORS)的基本构成及其优势,结合工程实例,阐述了SDCORS在水文地质调查中的应用情况、可行性以及达到的精度,着重说明了采取何种措施才能达到其所需精度。通过SDCORS在济西水源地水文地质调查中的应用,证明用该方法能够获得满足供水水文地质精度要求的测量成果,与常规方法相比具有方法可靠、测得的结果准确度高等优点,指出了测量时应该注意的问题。     

Modelling the influence of hydrogeological parameters on low flow in hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia / Modélisation de l'influence de paramètres hydrogéologiques sur les basses eaux dans des régions de collines et de montagnes de Serbie

Abstract

During dry weather periods of the year with long rainless intervals, streams slacken to what is generally termed “low flow”. This work presents an analysis of the influence of hydrogeology on low flows, using multiple linear regression, in natural medium and small streams in hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia. The study cases encompass 61 gauged catchments south of the rivers Sava and Danube. Characteristic relevant minimum mean 30-day flows of 80- or 95-percentile exceedence (Q _80%, Q _95%) are taken as dependent variables. Independent variables are the observable hydrogeological quantities: catchment area upstream of a gauging station; surface area of a hydrogeological soil category in a catchment; number of perennial springs of minimum flow higher than or equal to 1 L/s in a gauged catchment; number of perennial springs, each of minimum flow higher than or equal to 1 L/s, in a given hydrogeological soil category of the catchment; cumulative perennial spring flow of minimum single flow higher than or equal to 1 L/s in a catchment; and cumulative perennial spring flow of minimum single flow higher than or equal to 1 L/s in a hydrogeological soil category of a catchment. Through multiple linear regression between the characteristic relevant low flow and the hydrogeological elements, 16 models are developed and analysed, each based on a different combination of hydrogeological elements and characteristic low flow. The regional relationships developed for the minimum mean 30-day flows of 80- and 95-percentile exceedences are evaluated. The statistical tests of the representation quality of each multiple regression relationship show that the models justify the use of hydrogeological elements.     

Spatio-temporal patterns of the interaction between groundwater and surface water in plains

The study of the dynamics of anthropic disturbances that have an effect on the hydrological systems in plains requires integral simulation tools for their diagnosis. The objective of this article is, first, to analyse and reproduce the spatio-temporal interactions between groundwater (GW) and surface water, net recharge, GW level, surface run-off, and evapotranspiration in the upper creek basin of Del Azul, which is located in the centre of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and second, to obtain insights to apply the methodology to other similar situations. For this purpose, a model coupling the semidistributed hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool [SWAT]) and the hydrogeological model (MODFLOW) has been used. A simulation was carried out for a period of 13 years (2003–2015) on a daily scale. The application of the SWAT–MODFLOW coupling gave good results based on the adjustment between the calculated flows and levels, reaching a Nash–Sutcliffe of 0.6 and R²0.6 at the Seminario hydrometric station located at the watershed outlet point. According to the annual average balance, out of the total rainfall, evapotranspiration accounts for 85%, recharge accounts for 10.2%, and surface run-off accounts for 4.8%. Annual and monthly trends of the stream–aquifer interaction were determined, obtaining on average an annual GW discharge of 34 mm and an annual average recharge of the stream to the aquifer of 1.4 mm. Monthly GW discharges are higher in winter–spring (July to December with an average of 3.3 mm) and lower in summer–autumn (January to June with an average of 2.8 mm). The monthly average recharge of the stream towards the aquifer varies from 0.02 to 0.36 mm and is higher in March, May, and August, when water excess is produced in the basin. Through the analysis of coupled modelling, it is possible to analyse and reproduce the spatio-temporal transitions of flow existing between the stream, the hyporheic zone, and the aquifer.     

水文地质调查与物探结合在石灰岩地区找水定井的应用

根据水文地质调查确定物探靶区,采用激发极化四极电测深法进行物探确定井位。实践证明,水文地质调查和物探联合定井在缺水地区寻找深层地下水方面有较强的推广利用价值。     

分段压水试验在东平大牛矿区水文地质勘查中的应用

压水试验方法同样适用于矿区水文地质勘查的各阶段,特别是针对透水性不是很大的矿区,选择单管栓塞压水试验方法,有使用方便、操作简单、灵活易行、不受孔径限制等独具的特点。在同一钻孔中进行分段压水试验,计算各段的透水率、渗透系数,根据各段渗透性对矿区含水层、段进行划分,为矿区水文地质条件划分提供依据。     

煤层气开发中的层间矛盾问题——以柳林地区为例

直井分层压裂及合层排采能有效降低煤层气勘探开发成本,提高煤层气产能,但层间矛盾的干扰制约了这一排采工艺的推广。借鉴常规油气层间矛盾问题相关理论,首次提出并总结了煤层气开发中层间矛盾的概念、特点和影响因素。通过分析柳林地区典型井产能曲线特征,剖析了该区层间矛盾的特征和原因。结果表明:柳林地区合层排采太原组煤层（8号+9号）和合层排采山西组与太原组煤层（3号+4号+5号与8号+9号）时,层间矛盾问题严重;引起该层间矛盾的原因有煤层物性特征和煤层顶底板水文地质条件因素,其中8号煤层顶板水文地质条件是引发该区层间矛盾的主要因素。      

济南岩溶泉域区域水文地质信息系统构建

为推动中国地下水信息系统的标准化,中国荷兰开展合作项目,以济南为示范区,引进ReGIS信息系统,合作开发ReGIS-China水文地质信息系统,系统实现的主要功能包括任意地质剖面和三维立体地质图生成、数据库校正、化学资料分析、水位动态曲线的生成、GMS模型栅格输入、图形生成与分区评价等,为构建全国范围的水文地质信息系统奠定基础。     

岩溶水系统的水化学曲线及其在水文地质研究中的应用

为了认识水文地质条件与岩溶泉水化学之间的关系,以西南地区的6个典型岩溶水系统丫吉试验场S31号泉、毛村地下河、官村地下河、陈旗岩溶泉、青木关地下河以及金佛山水房泉为例进行研究。通过对比发现,在这些强烈非均质的山区裸露型岩溶水系统中,仪器能够实现自动化监测的电导率、温度和pH值等指标的水化学曲线存在差异。分析可知控制水化学变化的主要因素如下:首先是降雨补给引起系统的水量与碳酸盐岩溶解过程的变化;其次是CO₂气体随降雨进入含水层,促进碳酸盐岩的溶解;最后是地表污染物的淋滤。当电导率、水温、pH曲线出现降低和碳酸盐岩矿物饱和指数下降时,反映的是岩溶水的稀释作用;当电导率曲线出现高峰时,反映的是岩溶水补给的CO₂效应,此时水中二氧化碳分压(p_CO2)升高;当场雨中水化学曲线的变化滞后于水文动态曲线时,反映的是岩溶管道的活塞流效应;与人类活动有关的NO₃^-等污染物质量浓度在降雨后出现高峰,反映土壤的降雨淋滤作用,并可能影响电导率的变化趋势。某个系统的水化学曲线趋向于经常出现某几种效应,并且彼此的类型不同,表明了降雨补给的面状渗流方式和集中灌入方式对岩溶水影响的强弱不同,以及系统在径流方式和调蓄机制上的差异。一般而言:以面状补给方式为主的系统,水化学曲线多表现为CO₂效应,较少出现稀释作用;而岩溶发育强烈的系统,降雨补给受控于溶蚀裂隙和管道,其水化学曲线较多出现稀释作用,较少出现CO₂效应;以管道为主要径流方式的系统易出现活塞流效应,而包气带厚度大和含水层储水能力强的系统水化学变化被减弱。