Global hydrogeological systems and groundwater of the Pacific segment of the Earth

The paper presents the main results of almost half-century-long theoretical and applied studies by the late K.P. Karavanov dedicated to hydrogeological systems of continents and the oceanic floor as well as to the regional hydrogeology of the Pacific segment of the Earth. This research is not yet over; it is being developed by his followers and serves as a basis for the further study of the subsurface hydrosphere on land and the sea and ocean floor.     

神府矿区活鸡兔矿井烧变岩水文地质特征

烧变岩是活鸡兔矿井的顶板充水含水层,直接威胁着矿井的生产安全。烧变岩分布广泛,裂隙发育程度在垂向上规律明显:下剧—中强—上弱。其富水性除受构造、地形和地貌的控制外,还决定于是否接受其他含水层的补给。烧变岩水水质良好,符合国家饮用水标准,供排结合是矿井水综合利用的有效方法。      

Improvement of the solute transfer in a conceptual unsaturated zone scheme: a case study of the Seine River basin

For predicting the evolution of solute concentrations in groundwater and testing the impact of remediation policies, a coupling between the agronomical model STICS and the hydrogeological model MODCOU was implemented. When applied to the Seine River basin, this model accurately represents the temporal evolution of average nitrate concentrations in the aquifer, but with large local errors. We propose an improvement to the simple unsaturated zone (UZ) scheme NonsatSW used in STICS–MODCOU. The modifications are based on a comparison with the mechanistic model Metis considered as a reference as it solves Richards' equation. A more realistic saturation profile and a varying percolation rate are integrated in NonsatSW. This new model, named NonsatVG, is assessed by comparing it with NonsatSW and Metis. In an ideal case, NonsatVG generates a solute transfer and a dispersion closer to that of Metis than of NonsatSW. In real cases, without additional calibration, NonsatVG and Metis simulate better the average transfer velocities of the observed nitrate profiles. Furthermore, modifications in NonsatVG give a direct relationship between the depth of the water table and the saturation profile. We obtain, therefore, as in Metis, an evolution of the solute transfer velocity depending on the piezometric level. These dynamics are not simulated in NonsatSW. Despite a modified water transfer through the UZ, NonsatVG is also as valid as NonsatSW in the modelling of water transfer to the saturated zone. Finally, an application to the Seine basin shows that solute transfer velocities are lower with NonsatVG than with NonsatSW, but are in better agreement with literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatial distribution of resistivity in the hydrogeological systems,and identification of the catchment area in the Rharb basin,Morocco / Répartition spatiale de la résistivité dans les systèmes hydrogéologiques et détection des zones de captages dans le bassin du Rharb,Maroc

Abstract

Abstract Geophysical results obtained in the Rharb basin, Morocco are reported. Correlations between hydrogeological well logs reveal several water-bearing Plio-Quaternary units resting on a substrate of blue marls. Geo-electrical borehole analyses were interpreted using bi-logarithmic diagrams which indicate the permeable layers of the aquifer and also its basement. Resistivity data from NE–SW and NW–SE electrical sections allow definition of the permeable/impermeable levels, and identification of ?ditches? that may be favourable sectors for hydrogeological exploitation. Resistivity anomalies were investigated by analysing maps of resistivity at 400 and 1000 m AB. Anomalies identified in the Rharb basin are related to the thickening of the permeable bodies (sand, limestone, sandstone deposits). In the coastal zone (AB = 1000 m), there is a strong decrease of the resistivity gradient (35–10 Ω m), which is probably linked to marine intrusion. Electrical anomalies allow detection of the water-bearing zones notably in the western and southwestern parts of the Rharb basin.     

济南岩溶泉域区域水文地质信息系统构建

为推动中国地下水信息系统的标准化,中国荷兰开展合作项目,以济南为示范区,引进ReGIS信息系统,合作开发ReGIS-China水文地质信息系统,系统实现的主要功能包括任意地质剖面和三维立体地质图生成、数据库校正、化学资料分析、水位动态曲线的生成、GMS模型栅格输入、图形生成与分区评价等,为构建全国范围的水文地质信息系统奠定基础。     

山东济宁何岗煤矿下组煤水文地质条件研究

对济宁何岗煤矿16上、17煤水文地质条件进行补充勘探。研究认为济宁何岗煤矿井田内主要含水层有第四纪砂砾层,山西组3上、3下煤层顶底板砂岩、太原组三灰、十下灰、十三灰及奥陶纪灰岩。16上、17煤的主要水害是太原组下部灰岩水和奥灰水,16上、17煤水文地质条件属中等局部复杂类型,开采时的矿井最大涌水量为816m3／h。断层和裂隙是诱发突水的主要因素,生产中必须采取有效的安全防水措施。     

引水隧道井检孔水文地质特征及井筒涌水量预算

在分析井检孔水文地质特征的基础上,对井筒充水因素进行了论述,认为第四系松散层孔隙水和秦岭中亚群上部基岩裂隙水是井简的主要充水水源,也是井简涌水量的主要组成部分。采用地下水动力学公式法对井筒涌水量进行了预算,其结果可作为井筒各含水层设计疏水降深状态下的正常涌水量和最大涌水量使用。     

岷江犍为水电站库区右岸塘坝煤矿涌水量研究

在大型矿山开采工程中,涌水量往往会影响生产和工程的进度,而且会威胁矿山开采安全。塘坝煤矿位于岷江犍为水电站库区右岸。分析了塘坝煤矿矿区的水文地质条件,分别采用了地下水动力学解析公式与水均衡法,计算了塘坝煤矿目前开采区的涌水量,并对三种计算方法进行了比较,结合井田实际水文地质条件及相关分析,得出了塘坝煤矿目前开采区比较符合实际的涌水量,即水平廊道法结果比较接近实际情况,为煤矿的安全开采提供了相关的依据。     

同位素方法在某中放废物处置场地水文地质特征研究中的应用

在某中放废物处置场补充勘查工作中,采用环境同位素和放射性同位素对处置场地的地下水渗流速度、年龄以及深层承压水与泉水之间的水力联系等进行了研究,并对深层承压水的成因和补给来源进行了分析,揭示并获取了场地相关水文地质特征及参数。