The channel-geometry method: Guidelines and applications

All river engineering schemes require flood discharge estimates as part of the design and appraisal process. Unfortunately, continuous measurement of flood discharges is limited to those river sites with instrumented gauging stations, which constitute only a small proportion of channel reaches where information is required. Therefore, considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of reliable indirect techniques of flood discharge estimation. Research on the interrelationship of stream channel geometry and river discharge has provided the basis for an indirect method of flood estimation – the channel-geometry method – which employs river channel dimensions alone to estimate discharge characteristics at ungauged river sites. Channel-geometry equations are developed empirically by relating streamflow data from gauging stations and channel dimensions measured from natural river reaches in the vicinity of the gauge, and take the form of power function relations. Once regional channel-geometry equations have been defined, a channel width or channel capacity measurement is the only variable needed to estimate the flood flow characteristics at a specified river site. The method is useful as an alternative to traditional catchment-based approaches or as a rapid reconnaissance technique. In addition to the application for flood discharge prediction, channel-geometry equations could prove helpful in the management of river channels, first, by providing a basis for assessing local deviations in the channel form–discharge relation, deviations which could be employed as indicators of the sensitivity of particular stretches of river channel to change, and secondly, in the computation of natural channel dimensions for use in river channel design and river restoration.     

石灰桩加固软弱地基的若干问题简述

本文简要综述了石灰桩加固软弱地基的机理和石灰桩复合地基的形状，对其设计及有关问题进行了简要探讨，得出了一些有益的结论。     

优选土层锚杆围护体设计方案的计算机实现

介绍了土层锚杆围护体（包括墙体和锚杆支护结构）的方案优选计算机系统的功能和特色,讨论了其计算机实现方法,以及利用系统进行以工程要求和工程成本为目标的土层锚杆围护体设计方案优选的思路和方法     

FW-610型地下管线非开挖铺设钻机设计

利用水平螺旋钻进铺设地下管道的方法,并在此基础上对其进行钻进工艺方法改进,在降低钻机动力消耗、减小体积、降低制造成本的基础上,设计一种小型钻机,适用于我国非开挖施工市场的短距离、小跨度的地下管线穿越施工。     

Adaptation of water resources systems to changing society and environment: a statement by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences

ABSTRACT

We explore how to address the challenges of adaptation of water resources systems under changing conditions by supporting flexible, resilient and low-regret solutions, coupled with on-going monitoring and evaluation. This will require improved understanding of the linkages between biophysical and social aspects in order to better anticipate the possible future co-evolution of water systems and society. We also present a call to enhance the dialogue and foster the actions of governments, the international scientific community, research funding agencies and additional stakeholders in order to develop effective solutions to support water resources systems adaptation. Finally, we call the scientific community to a renewed and unified effort to deliver an innovative message to stakeholders. Water science is essential to resolve the water crisis, but the effectiveness of solutions depends, inter alia, on the capability of scientists to deliver a new, coherent and technical vision for the future development of water systems.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned     

球面三维空间中任意截剖方向的垂直剖面图设计原理

设计出一种球面三维空间中任意截剖方向的垂直剖面图。该图适合于计算机自动数值分析，能准确表达系统任意截面的垂直结构（标量，矢量及其配置）。     

稻麦农业气象决策服务系统

RWAMDSS具有作物产量预报、作物气候评价、作物生长模拟、作物田间诊断专家系统等功能，是一个较为完整的农业气象决策服务系统。文章详细介绍了它的设计原理、结构及功能特点。     

A theoretical study of reinforcement influence on the stability of a tunnel face

Summary The problem of tunnel face stability is studied and the analysis of the stabilizing effect achieved by pre-reinforcement of the core which has to be excavated is dealt with. In Italy, the insertion of longitudinal fibreglass pipes in the ground has proved to be efficient in solving face instability problems. A thorough review of other applications of the technology has been carried out.The results of a series of parametric, three-dimensional, elasto-plastic finite element analyses are presented. The tunnel excavation with or without support and face reinforcement is simulated in the models. The stresses, plastic zones and displacements in the ground, pipes and lining have been studied. The support effect of the pipes is demonstrated by the results. Face reinforcement significantly reduces the displacements of the face. The stresses in the material at the face are also charged from tension to compression, thus enhancing face stability.     

关于三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题

文中就三峡永久船闸高边坡快速施工地质超前预报的几个问题进行了讨论。分别研究了三峡永久船闸高边坡施工地质超前预报的必要性，提出了超前预报技术思路，最后就高边坡岩体反分析及反馈设计问题、施工地质超前预报问题以及与监测相适应的超前处理及防护进行了分析。     

地下水动态观测网优化设计研究

本文采用状态空间分析法,通过对地下水流系统输入变量、输出变量及地下水动态测量值的研究,提出了地下水流系统确定一随机性数值模型。运用该模型的模拟解,进行地下水动态观测网优化设计。该方法把地下水动态观测网密度、位置及观测频率优化与地下水流系统结合起来研究。为了克服该模型计算量大的缺陷,本文提出了一种改进算法,使这一观测网优化方法适于在微机上实现,减少了计算工作量。该方法曾用于陕西某地区地下水位动态观测网的优化设计,取得了显著经济效益。