The journal Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering with Biomedical Applications becomes the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering (IJNMBE) from 1st January 2010

Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, founded by Roland W. Lewis in 1985, will change its title to the ‘International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering’ and has a revised Aims and Scope. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种可能的地震成因模型

提出了一种地震成因模型。认为不仅水库地震、矿震等是被人类工程活动诱发的，其它地震也很可能有诱发因素起作用。这种作用不仅仅是触发了地震，地震的孕育很可能也与其有关。诱发因素包括人类工程活动、地外天体的特殊位置、地球自转角速度的变化、气象异常等。这些因素对地壳产生了附加垂直力，后者引起局部地层弯曲，进而导致应力集中、构造应力作用方式的改变乃至地震发生。     

Reconstruction of fire spread within wildland fire events in Northern Eurasia from the MODIS active fire product

Russian boreal forests have been reshaped by wildland fire for millennia. While fire is a natural component of boreal ecosystems, it impacts various aspects of the environment and affects human well-being. Often fires occur over large remote areas with limited access, which makes their ground-based observation difficult. A significant progress has been made in mapping burned area from satellite imagery, which provides consistent and fairly unbiased estimates of fire impact on areas of interest at multiple scales. Although the information provided by burned area products is highly important, the spatio-temporal dynamics of individual fire events and their impact are less known. In high northern latitudes of Northern Eurasia, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) makes up to four daily observations from each of the Terra and Aqua satellites providing consistent data on fire development with high temporal frequency. Here we introduce an approach to reconstruct the development of fire events based on active fire detections from MODIS. Fire Spread Reconstruction (FSR) provides a means for characterization of fire occurrence over large territories from remotely sensed data. Individual fire detections are clustered within a GIS environment based on a set of rules determining proximity between fire observations in space and time. FSR determines the number of fire events, their approximate size, duration, and fire spread rate and allows for the analysis of fire occurrence and spread as a function of vegetation, fire season, fire weather and other parameters. FSR clusters were compared to burned scars mapped from Landsat7/ETM+ imagery over Yakutia (Russia). While some smaller burn scars were found to be formed through a continuous burning of a single fire event, large burned areas in Siberia were created by a constellation of fire events incorporating over 100 individual fire clusters. Geographic regions were found to have a stronger influence on the rates of fire activity in the area compared to vegetation zones. In addition, fire spread rates do not directly correlate with the intensity of a given fire season. FSR is also used to identify the points of ignition for individual fire events in spatio-temporal domain for fire danger and fire threat modeling. This approach presents another step towards the more complete characterization of fire events from remotely sensed data.     

SOCIAL THEORY AND THE FUTURE OF URBAN GEOGRAPHY*

Three themes that seem likely to be influential in the near future have recently characterized the work of geographers using social theories as the basis of their explanations of urban phenomena. They are (1) the debates about structure and human agency. (2) the claims of feminists about the analytical significance of the social construction of gender roles, and (3) the demand that we now use our social theories more actively to explain experienced reality. In continuing our use of social theory in urban geography, we must prevent its marginalization as one specific substantive topic; the alternative epistemologies of this type of work can guide new interpretations of every substantive issue in urban geography.     

矿产资源的最适耗竭与可持续发展

为了能使矿产资源可持续利用与发展,解决矿产资源市场需求与资源节约利用需求的矛盾,从矿产资源可持续发展实质研究入手,利用利导因子和限制因子互为制约的关系以及矿产资源发展的阶段特性,确定矿产资源发展曲线,建立矿产资源可持续发展机制。通过对最佳开采速度静态模型和动态模型的研究,认为最佳开采速度是影响矿产资源最适耗竭能否实现的关键因素,以此确定系统函数关系和系统变量。运用最适耗竭理论中的最佳开采速度和福利函数,建立矿产资源最适耗竭模型,以实现矿产资源可持续利用与发展。     

广西山地风能资源开发利用可行性分析——以大容山为例

利用大容山自动观测站2004年8月～2006年7月气象观测资料和容县气象站1958～2006年7月测风资料,对大容山的风能资源各参数进行了详细计算和分析,并结合预选风电场的地形地貌、交通运输、联网条件、环境保护等状况对大容山风能资源开发利用进行了可行性分析评价.结果表明：大容山年平均风速为7.2m/s,年平均风功率密度为390.8W/m^2,其风能资源丰富,且交通运输、联网、工程地质等条件较好,可选择在坡度较小的山头或山腰建设风电场,预选风电场可布置750kW的风机45台,总装机容量约为34MW.     

Impact of Human Activities on Depositional Process of Tidal Flat in Quanzhou Bay of China

As a very important component of a coastal system,tidal flats come to be a focus of the studies on land-ocean interaction in the coastal zone because those areas are subjected to intense human activities and are highly sensitive to the global change.The Quanzhou Bay,located along the middle part of Fujian coast of China,covers about 136.4km2,and the area of coastal wetland in the entire bay from intertidal to subtidal with 6m of water depth accounts for 96% of the total area.Seven short cores were collected and divided in situ with the interval of 5cm on the coastal wetlands of Quanzhou Bay on April 19,2006.The sediment samples were scattered and the grain sizes were measured by using Mastersizer 2000.Human beings' activities on tidal flat have disturbed the vertical distribution of sediments in stratigraphic sequence and accelerated the sedimentation rates.Grain size analysis results show that the grain size diameters increase and sediment becomes worse sorted towards the sea under the strong human disturbance;Spartina alterniflora can play a role of trapping the fine sediment;but near the bank,the sediment becomes coarse and there are two peak values on frequency curve influenced by the sandpile.The trough formed by human activities along the coastline changes the transport path of water and suspended sediment.The sediments are transported through the trough and deposit in it during the flood;the ebb flow is retarded by the flow output through the adjacent trough,and the deposited sediment can not be re-suspended;then,the sedimentation rate increases.In situ observation show that the sedimentation rate is about 8-10cm/yr.     

基于整合理论的高校教师管理

整合理论实质就是对组织所拥有的资源进行优化配置,使其协调发展,产生最大效益.对于高校,教师是所拥有的不可缺少,最具有潜力的资源,这种资源所发挥的协同作用存在巨大的潜力.从整合理论的角度,分析了高校教师管理方面的整合问题,提出了高校教师管理过程中应该注意的问题.     

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES OF INTERNET DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

This paper attempts to summarize the disparities of lnternet development in China spatially-temporally. The major objective is to measure the differences between Eastern, Central and Western China. Methods of map presentation, correlation, Lorenz curve, Gini Coefficient and location quotient analysis are conductcd in this study.For convenience, the indicator of regional lnternet development is simplified as the number of domain names registered under .CN in each province. The data used are collected from the semi-annual surveys of the Statistical surrey Report on the Internet Development in China since 1999. There are several findings: 1)The number of domain names in each province (city) declines gradually from the east to the west. 2) The gap between the highest growth provinces (cities) and the lowest ones is rather large. 3) Although the absolute differences between the eastern, ccntral and western China have been enlarged, the relative diffcrences in each province (city) have remained constant.4) Provinces (cities) are classified into three types according to location quotient changes, namely, rising type,changeless type and declining type. Compared with industrial and economic growth, lnternet sector in the eastern and western China is relatively ascending, while that in the central China is descending. 5) The number of domain names at provincial level is not statistically consistent with GDP.     

模糊评判法在公路黄土洞穴发育程度分区中的应用

阐述了影响黄土洞穴形成的黄土湿陷性、崩解性、地质构造、节理裂隙、微地形地貌和水文及气候条件等工程地质特性和地质因素;在公路沿线地区,公路工程质量及人类活动也是黄土洞穴形成的影响因素。洞穴发育程度分区预测和评价极具复杂性、随机性和模糊性,为此,在对各影响因素分析的基础上,借助模糊综合评判法,对黄土区公路沿线洞穴发育程度分区进行了研究。与实际情况对比分析表明,预测评价结果合理可靠,可作为黄土区已建公路洞穴灾害的防治依据。