太平洋板块俯冲对中国大陆的影响

在中国大陆及周边地区ITRF2000速度场的基础上,建立欧亚板块整体旋转与线性应变运动模型,得到中国大陆及邻区的局部形变场,分析此形变场发现东北块体和华北块体东部地壳存在一致的向西或北西西向运动,平均运动速率东北为2.9 mm/a,华北东部为1.4 mm/a,推测这是太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲的影响。其影响范围仅限于东北和华北块体,影响较大的是120°E以东和40°N以北地区。并分析太平洋板块俯冲对中国大陆影响的表现形式和形成机制。     

Surfer在地球重力场数据可视化中的应用

介绍了应用Surfer实现地球重力场数据可视化的方法和步骤,结合重力场数据格式特点,编制了简单的格式转换程序,直接操作Surfer绘制重力场数据二维、三维信息图,实现了地球重力场数据的快速可视化。     

RTK在大比例尺地形图航测数字化测图中的应用

结合某开发区1：2000地形图航测数字化测图工程，探讨了采用GPSRTK的自由基站二步法拟合方式测量航外像控点（平高点），实施大比例尺地形图野外检测的可行性。对比测量实验表明，该方式在像控点要求的特定位置不仅能保证平面精度，也可以保证高程精度；与常规的RTK相比，该方式具有基站设置位置灵活、不需单独提前解算基准转换参数，以及显著提高工效等优点。     

A technique for modeling the Earth’s gravity field on the basis of satellite accelerations

A technique is proposed for Earths gravity field modeling on the basis of satellite accelerations that are derived from precise orbit data. The functional model rests on Newtons second law. The computational procedure is based on the pre-conditioned conjugate-gradient (PCCG) method. The data are treated as weighted average accelerations rather than as point-wise ones. As a result, a simple three-point numerical differentiation scheme can be used to derive them. Noise in the orbit-derived accelerations is strongly dependent on frequency. Therefore, the key element of the proposed technique is frequency-dependent data weighting. Fast convergence of the PCCG procedure is ensured by a block-diagonal pre-conditioner (approximation of the normal matrix), which is derived under the so-called Colombo assumptions. Both uninterrupted data sets and data with gaps can be handled. The developed technique is compared with other approaches: (1) the energy balance approach (based on the energy conservation law) and (2) the traditional approach (based on the integration of variational equations). Theoretical considerations, supported by a numerical study, show that the proposed technique is more accurate than the energy balance approach and leads to approximately the same results as the traditional one. The former finding is explained by the fact that the energy balance approach is only sensitive to the along-track force component. Information about the cross-track and the radial component of the gravitational potential gradient is lost because the corresponding force components do no work and do not contribute to the energy balance. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed technique is much (possibly, orders of magnitude) faster than the traditional one because it does not require the computation of the normal matrix. Hints are given on how the proposed technique can be adapted to the explicit assembling of the normal matrix if the latter is needed for the computation of the model covariance matrix.Acknowledgments. Professor R. Klees is thanked for support of the project and for numerous fruitful discussions. The authors are also thankful to Dr. J. Kusche for useful remarks and to Dr. E. Schrama, his solid background in satellite geodesy proved to be very helpful. A large number of valuable comments were made by Dr. S.-C. Han, Dr. P. Schwintzer, and an anonymous reviewer; their contribution is greatly acknowledged. The satellite orbits used in the numerical study were kindly provided by Dr. P. Visser (Aerospace Department, Delft University of Technology). Access to the SGI Origin 3800 computer was provided by Stichting Nationale Computerfaciliteiten (NCF), grant SG-027.     

多时相Radarsat数据在广东肇庆地区稻田分类中的应用

将1996年获取的4个时相的Radarsat图像用于广东肇庆地区的稻田分类试验,结果表明,多时相Radarsat数据对水稻类型的识别精度较高,而且稻田的轮作规律容易推测出来。本文系统地介绍了这一试验研究的最新进展,探讨了神经网络分类方法在SAR图像处理中的应用潜力和Radarsat数据在中国南方水稻监测中的最佳时相选择和有效分辨率问题。     

The spacetime gravitational field of a deformable body

The high-resolution analysis of orbit perturbations of terrestrial artificial satellites has documented that the eigengravitation of a massive body like the Earth changes in time, namely with periodic and aperiodic constituents. For the space-time variation of the gravitational field the action of internal and external volume as well as surface forces on a deformable massive body are responsible. Free of any assumption on the symmetry of the constitution of the deformable body we review the incremental spatial (“Eulerian”) and material (“Lagrangean”) gravitational field equations, in particular the source terms (two constituents: the divergence of the displacement field as well as the projection of the displacement field onto the gradient of the reference mass density function) and the `jump conditions' at the boundary surface of the body as well as at internal interfaces both in linear approximation. A spherical harmonic expansion in terms of multipoles of the incremental Eulerian gravitational potential is presented. Three types of spherical multipoles are identified, namely the dilatation multipoles, the transport displacement multipoles and those multipoles which are generated by mass condensation onto the boundary reference surface or internal interfaces. The degree-one term has been identified as non-zero, thus as a “dipole moment” being responsible for the varying position of the deformable body's mass centre. Finally, for those deformable bodies which enjoy a spherically symmetric constitution, emphasis is on the functional relation between Green functions, namely between Fourier-/ Laplace-transformed volume versus surface Love-Shida functions (h(r),l(r) versus h ^′(r),l ^′(r)) and Love functions k(r) versus k ^′(r). The functional relation is numerically tested for an active tidal force/potential and an active loading force/potential, proving an excellent agreement with experimental results. Received: December 1995 / Accepted: 1 February 1997     

地下目标体重力张量数据的边界识别与增强算法的研究

边界增强与识别在重力数据处理中占据重要地位,与传统重力异常数据相比,重力张量及其高阶分量对于直接反映异常体的边界具有更高的精度。当异常数据中的所有网格点的值均较低时,通过Sigmoid变换,可以实现高异常值网格数据的拉升,同时压缩低灰度级像素,从而凸显地质体边界,提高边界增强后图像的识别效果。文中利用张量及其分量构建常用的边界识别算法,通过组合体模型进行多种边界识别算法的试算,以比较分析各自的效果,并对结果进行Sigmoid变换。结果表明:对于张量高阶分量组合形式,水平梯度模、解析信号能基本反映浅异常体的边界,gzz水平梯度模能较好反映浅异常体边界,但三者均不能识别深异常体边界;Tilt梯度、Theta和ITA3效果不理想;ITA2能在有效均衡不同强度异常信号的同时,清晰地识别不同深度异常体的边界;采用Sigmoid变换,可以明显提高边界识别的识别效果。     

天地图野外数据采集系统设计与实现

针对传统的地质灾害危险性评估野外调查效率不高和采集数据的正确性较低的问题,提出采用天地图API(Android版)提供的地理信息服务接口、结合Android开发和SQLite数据库技术构建地质灾害危险性评估野外数据采集系统。采用天地图提供的数据服务,解决纸质地图比例尺固定和幅面大小限制的问题,实现野外底图不同级别缩放和无限制的底图范围;基于天地图的功能服务,实现实时定位、经济合理的线路规划以及调查点的分布;采用规范化的电子记录模式,解决室外纸质记录的随意性、室内入库的效率和准确性问题,实现数据的采集与编辑。应用测试表明,有效提高了评估工作效率和质量。     

基于蓝牙定位的老年人室内跌倒监护系统设计

随着全球老龄化的加剧,老年人口的增多,老年人的健康监护已经成为了重要的社会问题。因身体机能的下降,老年人发生跌倒的概率非常高,而老年人一天中大约90%的时间是处于室内,针对老年人室内意外跌倒的医护救治,设计了一款基于蓝牙定位的老年人室内跌倒监护系统。该系统通过集成的传感器采集加速度、角速度、室内位置、人体生理信息等数据,并通过计算分析实现了跌倒监测报警功能。